Healthy beverages may reduce the genetic risk of abdominal obesity and related metabolic comorbidities: a gene-diet interaction study in Iranian women

Gholami, Fatemeh; Samadi, Mahsa; Soveid, Neda; Mirzaei, Khadijeh

doi:10.1186/s13098-022-00911-z

Table 6 The interaction between GRS and HBI on anthropometric measurements and metabolic factors

From: Healthy beverages may reduce the genetic risk of abdominal obesity and related metabolic comorbidities: a gene-diet interaction study in Iranian women

Variable	GRS	T1	T2						T3
			Crude			Model 1			Crude			Model 1
			B	CI	P	B	CI	P	B	CI	P	B	CI	P
Anthropometric measurements
BMI (Kg/m²)	T1	Reference	Reference						Reference
	T2		− 0.61	− 4.11 to 2.89	0.73	− 0.29	− 3.77 to 3.19	0.87	0.35	− 3.20 to 3.91	0.84	0.43	− 3.13 to 4.00	0.81
	T3		− 2.83	− 6.18 to 0.50	0.09	− 2.27	− 5.57 to 1.22	0.21	− 1.59	− 4.47 to 1.28	0.27	− 1.15	− 4.04 to 1.74	0.43
WC (cm)	T1	Reference	Reference						Reference
	T2		− 2.60	− 11.30 to 6.09	0.55	− 2.47	− 11.12 to 6.18	0.57	− 0.50	− 9.32 to 8.32	0.91	− 1.59	− 10.46 to 7.28	0.72
	T3		− 8.78	− 17.10 to − 0.47	0.03	− 8.29	− 16.78 to 0.18	0.05	− 6.13	− 13.30 to 1.04	0.09	− 6.18	− 13.41 to 1.05	0.09
WHR (ratio)	T1	Reference
	T2		− 0.01	− 0.06 to 0.03	0.46	− 0.01	− 0.06 to 0.02	0.43	− 0.01	− 0.06 to 0.03	0.56	-0.02	− 0.07 to 0.02	0.89
	T3		− 0.04	0.02 to − 0.08	0.08	− 0.04	− 0.08 to 0.005	0.07	− 0.03	− 0.07 to 0.005	0.08	− 0.39	− 0.07 to 0.001	0.05
Metabolic factors
FBS (mg/dl)	T1	Reference	Reference						Reference
	T2		− 7.57	− 17.11 to 1.96	0.12	− 5.96	− 14.98 to 3.06	0.19	− 11.81	− 21.64 to -1.98	0.01	-9.07	− 18.63 to 0.47	0.06
	T3		0.66	− 8.49 to 9.82	0.88	1.76	− 7.08 to 10.60	0.69	− 3.72	− 12.06 to 4.60	0.38	− 1.26	− 9.20 to 6.68	0.75
Total cholesterol (g/dl)	T1	Reference	Reference						Reference
	T2		− 17.74	-48.86 to 13.38	0.26	− 14.56	− 43.84 to 14.72	0.33	− 0.62	− 32.69 to 31.43	0.96	− 0.45	− 31.46 to 30.55	0.97
	T3		− 21.09	− 50.99 to 8.79	0.16	− 15.06	− 43.77 to 13.63	0.30	1.85	− 25.37 to 29.02	0.89	7.04	− 18.74 to 32.82	0.59
TG (mg/dl)	T1	Reference	Reference						Reference
	T2		− 14.76	− 80.79 to 51.25	0.66	− 2.65	−64.92 to 59.61	0.93	4.64	− 63.38 to 72.66	0.89	23.76	− 42.18 to 89.70	0.48
	T3		− 19.07	− 82.49 to 44.34	0.55	− 6.72	− 67.77 to 54.32	0.82	− 32.86	− 90.56 to 24.84	0.26	− 14.66	− 69.49 to 40.17	0.60
HDL (mg/dl)	T1	Reference	Reference						Reference
	T2		− 3.56	− 12.60 to 5.46	0.43	− 4.19	− 13.08 to 4.69	0.35	6.14	− 3.16 to 15.45	0.19	4.12	− 5.29 to 13.53	0.39
	T3		2.02	− 6.65 to 10.70	0.64	2.23	− 6.48 to 10.94	0.25	7.99	0.10 to 15.89	0.04	7.09	− 0.73 to 14.92	0.07
LDL (mg/dl)	T1	Reference	Reference						Reference
	T2		− 15.34	− 36.49 to 5.81	0.15	− 12.43	− 32.59 to 7.72	0.22	− 7.44	− 29.23 to 14.35	0.50	− 4.60	− 25.95 to 16.74	0.67
	T3		− 10.26	− 30.58 to 10.05	0.32	− 5.88	− 25.64 to 13.87	0.55	− 0.55	− 19.03 to 17.93	0.95	3.93	− 13.81 to 21.69	0.66

p-values are in bold
GLM was performed to identify the interaction between GRS and H-PDI on cardiometabolic risk factors
Model 1 = adjusted for potential confounding factors including (age, energy intake, physical activity, and BMI)
T tertile, SD Standard deviation, HBII healthy beverage index, GRS Genetic risk score, BMI Body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist height ratio, FBS fasting blood sugar, TG Triglyceride, LDL Low density lipoprotein, HDL High density lipoprotein
a: BMI considered as collinear and this variable adjusted for Age, physical activity, and total energy intake
P < 0.1 was considered significant

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