Joint effect of visit-to-visit variability in LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and HbA1c on cardiovascular and total mortality in patients with diabetes

Table 2 Associations between numbers of higher CV of the three variables (LDL-C, HbA1c, and HDL-C) and the study outcomes*

Number of higher CV	N	Event (%)	Crude models		Adjusted model 1		Adjusted model 2
Number of higher CV	N	Event (%)	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
CVD mortality
0	1573	40 (2.5)	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
1	2195	49 (2.2)	0.86 (0.57,1.31)	0.483	0.90 (0.59,1.36)	0.614	0.84 (0.55,1.29)	0.429
2	1107	37 (3.3)	1.30 (0.83,2.03)	0.253	1.44 (0.92,2.26)	0.111	1.28 (0.81,2.03)	0.296
3	231	16 (6.9)	2.87 (1.61,5.13)	< 0.001	3.14 (1.75,5.61)	< 0.001	2.73 (1.48,5.05)	0.001
P for trend			0.003		0.001		0.008
All-cause mortality
0	1573	77 (4.9)	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
1	2195	112 (5.1)	1.02 (0.76,1.36)	0.900	1.06 (0.79,1.41)	0.705	1.00(0.74,1.34)	0.991
2	1107	81 (7.3)	1.47 (1.08,2.01)	0.016	1.61 (1.17,2.20)	0.003	1.46(1.06,2.01)	0.021
3	231	30 (13.0)	2.81 (1.84,4.28)	< 0.001	2.99 (1.96,4.56)	< 0.001	2.69(1.74,4.18)	< 0.001
P for trend			< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001

^*Model 1 adjusted for sex and age;
Model 2 adjusted for sex, glycemia treatment group, lipids treatment group, race, age, education, BMI, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking and drinking status, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline, as well as mean of HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) during the first 2 years of follow-up

ISSN: 1758-5996