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Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical variables of patients with diabetic kidney disease eligible to the PANDIA-IRIS study

From: Understanding reasons and factors for participation and non-participation to a medication adherence program for patients with diabetic kidney disease in Switzerland: a mixed methods study

 

Patients who accepted n = 57

Patients who refused n = 123

p-value

Sociodemographic variables

Age (years), mean (SD)

64.0 (10.0)

67.7 (10.4)

P = 0.027

Female, n (%)

7 (12.3)

38 (30.9)

P = 0.007

Married/partnership civil statusa, n (%)

26 (45.6)

66 (53.7)

P = 0.315

Swiss nationality, n (%)

35 (61.4)

91 (74.0)

P = 0.087

Patients living in the Lausanne center or surroundings (maximal distance of 20 km), n (%)

39 (68.4)

88 (71.5)

P = 0.669

Clinical variables

Type 2 diabetesb, n (%)

54 (94.7)

108 (87.8)

P = 0.149

Body Mass Index (BMI), median (IQR)

31 [28–34]

29 [26–32]

P = 0.101

Creatinine blood concentration (µmol/l), median (IQR)

128.7 (100.7–154.5)

123.4 (95.5–157.5)

P = 0.465

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2), median (IQR)

49.0 (37.0–60.0)

48.8 (34.3–61.0)

P = 0.876

eGFR decline per year (mL/min/1.73m2/year), median (IQR)

−2.4 (−4.2; −0.7)

−1.8 (−4.2; −0.5)

P = 0.431

HbA1c (%), median (IQR)

7.1 (6.7–8.0)

7.4 (6.8–8.3)

P = 0.228

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l), mean (SD)

2.1 (0.7)

1.9 (1.0)

P = 0.263

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

135.8 (15.5)

137.8 (15.3)

P = 0.415

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

76.9 (8.8)

74.2 (9.5)

P = 0.065

Number of oral prescribed chronic treatments at the time of recruitment, mean (SD)

9 [4]

10 [3]

P = 0.228

Time from diabetes diagnosis (years), median (IQR)

8.6 (4.5–15.9)

14.2 (6.9–22.7)

P = 0.003

Current or past cardiovascular event(s)c, n (%)

12 (21.1)

32 (26.0)

P = 0.471

Depression or anxiety diagnosis, n (%)

11 (19.3)

18 (14.6)

P = 0.428

Current smoker at the time of recruitment, n (%)

9 (15.8)

16 (13.0)

P = 0.616

Current or past alcohol addiction, n (%)

17 (29.8)

33 (26.8)

P = 0.676

Current or past drug addiction, n (%)

1 (1.8)

3 (2.4)

NA

Disability or amputation or handicap, n (%)

3 (5.3)

15 (12.2)

P = 0.149

  1. NB1: Pearson’s chi-squared test was used for the following variables; Female sex, Married/partnership civil status, Swiss nationality, Patients living in the Lausanne center or surroundings, Type 2 diabetes, Current or past cardiovascular event(s), Depression or anxiety diagnosis, Current smoker at the time of recruitment, Current or past alcohol addiction, Disability or amputation or handicap; Fischer’s exact test was used for current or past drug addiction; T-Student test was used for: age, LDL-cholesterol, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Number of oral prescribed chronic treatments; Mann–Whitney test was used for: BMI, Creatinine blood concentration, eGFR, eGFR decline per year, HbA1c, Time from diabetes diagnosis
  2. NB2: among patients who refused participation, missing data were: 2 BMI values, 6 creatinine blood concentrations, 6 eGFR values, 5 eGFR decline per year values, 34 HbA1c values, 39 LDL-cholesterol values and 10 values for the time from diabetes diagnosis. In patients who accepted, missing data were 11 HbA1c values and 14 LDL-cholesterol values
  3. NA= “not applicable”; statistical test not applicable as the number of patients is too small
  4. aThe other patients are separated, divorced, widowed or single
  5. bThe other category includes patient diagnosed with diabetes type 1, glucocorticoid-inducted, post-transplantation or post-pancreatectomy diabetes or Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA). The eligibility criteria were expanded from October 2019 to include other types of diabetes than type 2, which explains the low proportion of patients in these categories
  6. cStroke, ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), cardiopulmonary arrest