Table 2 Multivariate analysis of outcome predictors (N = 1182)
From: Prognostic significance of diabetes and stress hyperglycemia in acute stroke patients
Variables | Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mRS ≥ 3 (N = 856) | Death (N = 89) | Cerebral edema (N = 434) | Hemorrhagic transformation* (N = 203) | Fever (N = 361) | Pneumonia (N = 57) | Oxygen administration (N = 279) | |
Age (years) | 1.05 [1.03–1.06] < 0.0001 | 1.03 [1.01–1.06] 0.009 | 0.99 [0.98–1.01] 0.29 | 0.99 [0.98–1.01] 0.47 | 1.01 [0.99–1.02] 0.37 | 1.05 [1.01–1.08] 0.006 | 1.04 [1.03–1.06] < 0.0001 |
Male sex | 1.05 [0.73–1.50] 0.78 | 1.65 [1.05–2.58] 0.03 | 1.12 [0.79–1.59] 0.51 | 1.48 [1.00–2.18] 0.048 | 0.94 [0.70–1.26] 0.68 | 2.75 [1.45–5.22] 0.002 | 1.23 [0.87–1.74 0.25 |
NIHSS score | 1.40 [1.32–1.48] < 0.0001 | 1.09 [1.05–1.13] < 0.0001 | 1.03 [1.00–1.06] 0.055 | 1.01 [0.98–1.04] 0.55 | 1.09 [1.06–1.11] < 0.0001 | 1.06 [1.01–1.11] 0.01 | 1.10 [1.07–1.13] < 0.0001 |
Cerebral lesion diameter (cm) | 1.12 [1.02–1.23] 0.02 | 1.01 [0.95–1.08] 0.73 | 2.04 [1.86–2.25] < 0.0001 | 1.47 [1.36–1.58] < 0.0001 | 1.09 [1.03–1.15] 0.002 | 1.04 [0.95–1.15] 0.37 | 1.03 [0.97–1.09] 0.38 |
Leukocytes (109/l) | 1.06 [0.99–1.13] 0.10 | 1.07 [1.02–1.13] 0.01 | 1.05 [0.99–1.11] 0.09 | 1.00 [0.94–1.07] 0.95 | 1.06 [1.01–1.11] 0.01 | 1.07 [0.99–1.15] 0.09 | 1.07 [1.02–1.12] 0.006 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 1.03 [0.96–1.11] 0.40 | 1.01 [0.98–1.03] 0.55 | 0.97 [0.93–1.01] 0.16 | 0.95 [0.92–0.99] 0.009 | 1.07 [1.03–1.11] 0.0004 | 1.01 [0.97–1.06] 0.51 | 1.10 [1.06–1.15] < 0.0001 |
Fever | 1.46 [0.90–2.37] 0.13 | 1.36 [0.83–2.22] 0.23 | 2.11 [1.46–3.07] < 0.0001 | 1.41 [0.94–2.11] 0.10 | – | 6.11 [2.99–12.50] < 0.0001 | 2.34 [1.66–3.28] < 0.0001 |
Prev. myocardial infarction | 1.37 [0.68–2.77] 0.38 | 1.19 [0.60–2.36] 0.62 | 0.43 [0.23–0.84] 0.01 | 1.07 [0.57–2.01] 0.83 | 1.23 [0.76–2.02] 0.40 | 2.32 [1.03–5.24] 0.04 | 1.36 [0.79–2.36] 0.27 |
Previous stroke | 1.37 [0.80–2.33] 0.25 | 1.01 [0.56–1.81] 0.98 | 0.80 [0.48–1.34] 0.40 | 0.95 [0.55–1.62] 0.84 | 0.98 [0.65–1.46] 0.91 | 1.11 [0.50–2.43] 0.80 | 0.80 [0.50–1.29] 0.36 |
Peripheral artery disease | 2.80 [1.14–6.89] 0.03 | 1.37 [0.61–3.05] 0.45 | 0.88 [0.41–1.90] 0.75 | 1.16 [0.57–2.36] 0.69 | 0.46 [0.24–0.88] 0.02 | 0.88 [0.28–2.75] 0.83 | 1.22 [0.64–2.35] 0.54 |
Prev. arterial revascularizations | 0.41 [0.19–0.87] 0.02 | 0.55 [0.24–1.27] 0.16 | 1.72 [0.84–3.52] 0.14 | 1.37 [0.68–2.78] 0.38 | 0.86 [0.49–1.52] 0.60 | 1.04 [0.41–2.66] 0.94 | 0.51 [0.26–0.98] 0.04 |
Group 1 | 1.25 [0.52–3.00] 0.61 | 1.45 [0.71–2.95] 0.30 | 1.11 [0.53–2.32] 0.78 | 2.01 [0.99–4.07] 0.053 | 1.55 [0.87–2.74] 0.13 | 1.26 [0.48–3.33] 0.64 | 1.77 [0.95–3.32] 0.07 |
Group 2 | 0.83 [0.45–1.53] 0.55 | 1.29 [0.58–2.87] 0.54 | 0.65 [0.34–1.24] 0.19 | 1.07 [0.56–2.06] 0.83 | 1.48 [0.90–2.45] 0.12 | 1.29 [0.46–3.60] 0.62 | 1.33 [0.74–2.41] 0.35 |
Group 3 | 1.70 [1.01–2.88] 0.046 | 2.19 [1.32–3.64] 0.003 | 0.97 [0.57–1.63] 0.90 | 0.71 [0.39–1.27] 0.24 | 1.36 [0.90–2.05] 0.14 | 0.50 [0.20–1.29] 0.15 | 1.73 [1.08–2.78] 0.02 |