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Table 4 Glycemic indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes

From: The effect of berberine and fenugreek seed co-supplementation on inflammatory factor, lipid and glycemic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial

Glycemic indices and lipid profile

Intervention group

(n = 25)

Placebo group

(n = 25)

P- valuec

P- valued

P- valuee

FBS (mg/dl)

Baseline

163.92 (56.27)

137.64 (41.50)

0.03

  

End of trial

149.52 (54.44)

139.32 (26.79)

0.7

0.7

 

P- valuea

0.1

0.2

   

Mean difference

−14.40 (47.33)

1.68 (36.21)

  

0.05

P- valueb

0.08

0.8

   

Fasting insulin (μU/ml)

Baseline

14.36 (10.29)

14.73 (9.52)

0.8

  

End of trial

12.18 (8.66)

16.08 (10.81)

0.1

0.8

 

P- valuea

0.05

0.3

   

Mean difference

−2.18 (5.42)

1.34 (7.51)

  

0.1

P- valueb

0.05

0.3

   

HbA1C (%)

Baseline

8.26 (1.87)

7.12 (1.42)

0.01

  

End of trial

7.72 (1.72)

6.76 (0.90)

0.01

0.02

 

P- valuea

0.02

0.08

   

Mean difference

−0.54(1.09)

−0.35(0.98)

  

0.4

P- valueb

0.02

0.08

   

hs. CRP (mg/ml)

Baseline

3.68 (5.55)

1.13 (1.11)

0.2

  

End of trial

1.6 (1.9)

1.08 (0.85)

0.8

0.6

 

P- value a

0.006

0.4

   

Mean difference

−2.07 (3.92)

−0.22 (0.89)

  

0.05

P- valueb

0.01

0.2

   

TG (mg/dl)

Baseline

130.40 (70.02)

122.36 (53.74)

0.8

  

End of trial

135.56 (80.79)

115.24 (36.74)

0.4

0.5

 

P- valuea

0.1

0.4

   

Mean difference

5.16 (83.40)

−7.12 (51.10)

  

0.5

P- valueb

0.7

0.4

   

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

Baseline

148.04 (28.55)

140.84 (19.91)

0.1

  

End of trial

153.00 (29.32)

150.00 (41.07)

0.9

0.02

 

P- valuea

0.3

0.08

   

Mean difference

4.96 (23.82)

16.16 (44.69)

  

0.6

P- valueb

0.3

0.08

   

HDL-C (mg/dl)

Baseline

38.68 (6.94)

43.24 (9.55)

0.1

  

End of trial

40.46 (7.39)

44.26 (9.04)

0.1

0.02

 

P- valuea

0.05

0.4

   

Mean difference

1.78 (4.31)

1.02 (6.01)

  

0.4

P- valueb

0.05

0.4

   

LDL-C (mg/dl)

Baseline

99.80 (147.03)

66.52 (17.68)

0.1

  

End of trial

71.69 (19.80)

75.83 (30.73)

0.9

0.07

 

P- valuea

0.3

0.07

  

0.4

Mean difference

−28.10 (147.31)

9.31 (24.26)

   

P- valueb

0.3

0.06

   

HOMA2.B

Baseline

57.03 (37.03)

77.18 (50.58)

0.1

  

End of trial

61.04 (39.85)

73.82 (48.30)

0.3

0.6

 

P- valuea

0.3

0.8

   

Mean difference

4.00 (20.69)

−3.36 (32.23)

  

0.6

P- valueb

0.3

0.6

   

HOMA2.IS

Baseline

77.02 (54.75)

78.59 (60.39)

0.9

  

End of trial

85.52 (55.99)

75.86 (62.20)

0.2

0.6

 

P- valuea

0.1

0.7

   

Mean difference

8.49 (29.75)

−2.72 (53.06)

  

0.5

P- valueb

0.1

0.8

   

HOMA2.IR

Baseline

2.08 (1.43)

2.07 (1.27)

0.9

  

End of trial

1.76 (1.19)

2.23 (1.43)

0.2

0.9

 

P- valuea

0.09

0.4

   

Mean difference

−0.32 (0.87)

0.15 (1.11)

  

0.07

P- valueb

0.07

0.4

   
  1. FBS fasting blood sugar, HbA1C Glycated hemoglobin (Hb) A1C, hs. CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA B homeostatic model assessment of β-cell activity, IS homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
  2. *Mean (SD)
  3. P-value P values denote significance of within-group changes. (P < 0.05, paired-t test (for normal distribution data) and Wilcoxon test (for non normal distribution data
  4. P- valueb P values denote significance of within -group mean difference, one sample test was used
  5. P- valuec P values denote significance of between-group difference. (P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test (for fasting blood sugar (FBS)) and independent t test (for other variables)
  6. P-valued P values denote significance of between-group difference. (P < 0.05, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the adjusted models (adjusted for age, duration of disease, dietary intake of energy, and macronutrient (%),FBS at baseline, HbA1C at baseline, physical activity, W/H ratio and body mass index))
  7. P-valuee P values denote significance of between-group mean difference. (P < 0.05, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the adjusted models (adjusted for age, duration of disease, dietary intake of energy and macronutrient (%), and body mass index))
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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