The effect of berberine and fenugreek seed co-supplementation on inflammatory factor, lipid and glycemic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial

Nematollahi, Shima; Pishdad, Gholam Reza; Zakerkish, Mehrnoosh; Namjoyan, Foroogh; Ahmadi Angali, Kambiz; Borazjani, Fatemeh

doi:10.1186/s13098-022-00888-9

Table 3 Energy and macronutrients intake of patients with type 2 diabetes

From: The effect of berberine and fenugreek seed co-supplementation on inflammatory factor, lipid and glycemic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial

Variables		Intervention	placebo	P-value^b	P-value^c
Variables		(n = 25)	(n = 25)	P-value^b	P-value^c
Energy (kcal/day)	Baseline	1481.93 (309.95)	2297.39 (1056.02)	0.001	0.009
	End of trial	1602.22 (491.57)	1833.64 (659.62)	0.1	0.5
	P-value^a	0.2	0.001
Protein (%)	Baseline	15.07 (2.81)	15.75 (5.58)	0.9	0.8
	End of trial	14.57 (3.14)	15.58 (3.02)	0.2	0.1
	P-value^a	0.5	0.9
Carbohydrate (%)	Baseline	53.29 (6.09)	55.75 (9.53)	0.2	0.3
	End of trial	54.53 (8.19)	55.25 (5.62)	0.7	0.7
	P-value^a	0.4	0.8
Fat (%)	Baseline	32.90 (5.29)	29.24 (7.00)	0.04	0.1
	End of trial	32.09 (6.91)	30.35 (5.55)	0.3	0.2
	P-value^a	0.5	0.4
Vitamin A(RE)	Baseline	2386.78 (3043.75)	1751.15 (1129.17)	0.5	0.4
	End of trial	1052.70 (1175.05)	2238.34 (2154.08)	0.04	0.09
	P-value^a	0.5	0.2
Vitamin E (mg)	Baseline	13.96 (13.45)	16.36 (13.16)	0.2	0.2
	End of trial	11.74 (12.99)	18.72 (18.24)	0.2	0.3
	P-value^a	0.4	0.8
Vitamin C (mg)	Baseline	99.15 (41.38)	147.94 (63.59)	0.02	0.01
	End of trial	77.13 (23.80)	130.27 (61.25)	0.0001	0.002
	P-value^a	0.7	0.4
Vitamin K (mcg)	Baseline	176.16 (81.72)	287.67 (199.55)	0.02	0.01
	End of trial	216.48 (105.84)	331.53 (158.08)	0.03	0.1
	P-value^a	0.7	0.5
Potassium (mg)	Baseline	1837.30 (336.40)	2983.61 (2857.04)	0.09	0.06
	End of trial	1794.39 (392.28)	2534.83 (757.47)	0.004	0.005
	P-value^a	0.004	0.5
Calcium (mg)	Baseline	493.70 (147.54)	722.60 (389.81)	0.009	0.02
	End of trial	472.19 (231.64)	571.94 (179.66)	0.2	0.4
	P-value^a	0.9	0.001
Magnesium (mg)	Baseline	156.57 (27.70)	266.47 (323.68)	0.1	0.1
	End of trial	151.56 (25.94)	211.14 (65.50)	0.0001	0.003
	P-value^a	0.4	0.3
Selenium (mg)	Baseline	0.15 (0.43)	0.019 (0.027)	0.3	0.2
	End of trial	0.0041 (0.003)	0.199 (0.635)	0.3	0.7
	P-value^a	0.3	0.5

^*Mean (SD)
P-value^a P values denote significance of within-group changes (P < 0.05, paired samples t-test or Wilcoxon)
P-value^b P values denote significance of between-group difference (P < 0.05, independent samples t-test or U Mann Whitney)
P-value ^c P values denote significance of between-group difference (P < 0.05, ANCOVA) in adjusted model for age, disease duration, PA, and waist to hip ratio

Back to article page

ISSN: 1758-5996

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Contact us