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Table 1 The difference in patients’ characteristics between the COPD and non-COPD groups

From: MAFLD associated with COPD via systemic inflammation independent of aging and smoking in men

 

COPD group

Non-COPD group

P

Median (IQR)

Range (min–max)

Median (IQR)

Range (min–max)

Number

20.6% (420/2041)

N/A

79.4% (1621/2041)

N/A

N/A

Age

58 (50–64.8)

27–84

51 (43–60)

21–85

 < 0.0001

Presence or past smoking habit (Yes/No)

86.0%/14.0% (361/59)

N/A

71.9%/28.1% (1166/455)

N/A

 < 0.0001

Pack years (SUM of past and present)

30 (0–40)

0–160

14 (0–28)

0–111

 < 0.0001

Pack years ≥ 60 (Yes/No)

10.5%/89.5% (44/376)

N/A

3.5%/96.5% (57/1564)

N/A

 < 0.0001

Alcohol intake habit (None/Yes)

32.9%/67.1% (138/282)

N/A

31.2%/68.8% (1115/506)

N/A

0.5188

Dairy alcohol consumption (none/1–19 g/20–39 g/40–59 g)

32.9%/16.2%/36.0%/15.0% (138/68/151/63)

N/A

31.3%/23.1%/31.2%/14.4% (507/375/506/233)

N/A

0.0178

MAFLD/non-MAFLD

90.5%/9.5% (380/40)

N/A

85.9%/14.1% (1393/228)

N/A

0.0148

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.2 (23.2–27.7)

15.7–43.2

24.9 (23.1–26.9)

15.6–40.6

0.1282

Waist circumference (cm)

91 (86.5–98)

70–137.5

89 (84.5–95)

67–123.5

 < 0.0001

Visceral adiposity (Presence/Absence)

57.9%/42.1% (243/177)

N/A

46.9%/53.1% (760/861)

N/A

 < 0.0001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

124 (114–132)

84–197

120 (112–130)

80–190

0.0006

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80 (70–86)

50–118

78 (70–84)

48–134

0.2075

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Presence/Absence)

11.4%/88.6% (48/372)

N/A

8.3%/91.7% (135/1486)

N/A

0.0475

Hypertension (Presence/Absence)

46.2%/53.8% (194/226)

N/A

38.8%/61.2% (629/992)

N/A

0.0063

Hypertriglyceridemia (Presence/Absence)

48.1/51.9% (202/218)

N/A

40.8%/59.2% (661/960)

N/A

0.0068

Depressed HDL-cholesterol (Presence/Absence)

16.2%/83.8% (68/352)

N/A

11.2%/88.8% (181/1440)

N/A

0.0050

%VC

96.0 (86.8–110.4)

50.1–149.2

108.4 (100–117.2)

77.3–157.7

 < 0.0001

FEV1%

69.5 (65.7–75.3)

40.3–90.9

79.7 (76.5–83.1)

70–98.1

 < 0.0001

%FEV1

75.9 (70.4–79.9)

43.2–91.5

96.1 (89.2–103.6)

80.0–110.8

 < 0.0001

Red blood cell count (× 104/µL)

487 (464–514)

384–610

495 (469–520)

258–657

0.0019

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

15.2 (14.5–15.9)

12.7–19.1

15.3 (14.6–15.9)

8.1–18.7

0.3179

Hematocrit (%)

44.5 (42.5–46.6)

36.8–54.2

44.7 (42.9–46.4)

28.5–56.2

0.4685

White blood cell count (/µL)

5700 (5100–7375)

2700–15,100

5700 (4900–6800)

2200–15,400

0.0446

Platelet count (× 104/µL)

22.7 (19.5–26.5)

7.3–75.9

23.4 (20.3–26.7)

6.4–51.5

0.0437

AST (U/L)

23 (19–29)

10–90

23 (19–25)

6–164

0.0928

ALT (U/L)

28 (20–38)

6–277

28 (20–40)

6–290

0.8053

Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)

168 (153–188)

70–311

164 (149–182)

56–431

0.0081

ALP (U/L)

213 (178–256)

73–502

209 (179–249)

73–1409

0.2035

GGT (U/L)

43 (30–71)

12–381

38((26–61)

8–609

0.0002

Total protein (g/dL)

7.2 (7.0–7.4)

6.2–8.4

7.2 (7.0–7.4)

5.7–8.5

0.5728

Cholinesterase (U/L)

367 (322–404)

188–532

369 (331–408)

166–641

0.0883

Albumin (g/dL)

4.4 (4.3–4.6)

3.1–5.1

4.5 (4.3–4.6)

3.2–5.3

 < 0.0001

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.7 (0.6–0.9)

0.2–2.2

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.2–3.3

0.0630

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

202(183–223)

122–331

207(186–229)

120–357

0.0107

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

48 (41–60)

24–116

52 (45–60)

26–164

 < 0.0001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

124 (107–141)

39–260

129 (111–150)

54–262

0.0011

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

136 (98–206)

31–990

123 (90–178)

33–1474

0.0005

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

103 (96–113)

81–220

99 (94–109)

77–330

 < 0.0001

HbA1c (%)

5.8 (5.5–6.1)

4.3–11.1

5.7 (5.5–6.0)

4.4–12.8

 < 0.0001

CRP (mg/dL)

0.1 (0.1–0.17)

0.01–3.99

0.1 (0.08–0.12)

0.01–3.52

 < 0.0001

BUN (mg/dL)

13.7 (11.6–15.9)

6.6–37.5

13.6 (11.7–15.8)

6.4–30.3

0.8189

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

0.43–1.64

0.8 (0.74–0.9)

0.48–2.4

0.0193

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

78.4 (69.7–89.8)

34.9–149.4

79.8 (70.4–89.1)

25.3–142.6

0.1243

Uric acid (mg/dL)

6.4 (5.6–7.1)

3.4–11.9

6.3 (5.4–7.1)

0.7–10.8

0.3569

Sodium (mmol/L)

141 (140–143)

136–145

141 (140–142

134–147

0.6563

Potassium (mmol/L)

4.2 (4.0–4.4)

3.3–5.3

4.2 (4.0–4.3)

3.3–5.3

0.3399

Chloride (mmol/L)

105 (104–107)

99–111

105 (104–107)

98–110

0.1171

CRP/albumin ratio

0.023 (0.021–0.038)

0.002–1.05

0.022 (0.018–0.027)

0.002–0.892

 < 0.001

FIB-4 index

1.135 (0.847–1.484)

0.225–6.985

0.937 (0.702–1.300)

0.281–9.404

 < 0.001

  1. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MAFLD metabolic associated fatty liver disease, VC vital capacity, HDL-cholesterol high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, FEV forced expiratory volume, FVC forced vital capacity, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, GGT γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, LDL-cholesterol low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, CRP C-reactive protein, BUN blood urea nitrogen, GFR glomerular filtration rate, FIB-4 fibrosis-4