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Table 1 Characteristics of participantsa

From: Identifying metabolic syndrome in migrant Asian Indian adults with anthropometric and visceral fat action points

Characteristic

Males (n = 82)

Females (n = 86)

Number of non-WC MetS risk factorsb

Number of non-WC MetS risk factorsb

< 2 (n = 37)

≥ 2 (n = 45)

< 2 (n = 57)

≥ 2 (n = 29)

Age (years)

44.1 ± 14.3

46.0 ± 11.8

42.4 ± 13.9

45.8 ± 11.6

Waist circumference (cm)

89.3 ± 7.7

95.6 ± 10.8*

84.0 ± 10.1

88.9 ± 9.1*

Large WC [n (%)]c

19 (51.4)

33 (73.3)*

38 (66.7)

25 (86.2)*

Waist:height ratio

0.53 ± 0.05

0.56 ± 0.07*

0.54 ± 0.07

0.57 ± 0.06*

Waist:hip ratio

0.93 ± 0.06

0.95 ± 0.06

0.83 ± 0.07

0.85 ± 0.08

Conicity index

1.28 ± 0.08

1.31 ± 0.07

1.23 ± 0.09

1.23 ± 0.09

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.2 ± 2.9

26.3 ± 4.1*

25.3 ± 4.3

28.2 ± 4.8*

Body adiposity index (%)

25.8 ± 3.1

27.5 ± 4.7

33.4 ± 5.2

36.1 ± 6.2*

Suprailiac SFT (mm)

24.6 ± 11.6

31.8 ± 12.3*

28.6 ± 10.6

34.9 ± 10.2*

Thoracic height (cm)

21.6 ± 2.0

22.5 ± 2.8

20.8 ± 2.0

21.7 ± 1.7*

SD, anthropometric (cm)

21.6 ± 1.6

22.7 ± 2.5

20.6 ± 2.7

22.6 ± 2.8*

SD, DXA (cm)d

22.1 ± 2.3

24.0 ± 2.6

19.4 ± 2.5

21.3 ± 2.6*

Abdominal FM (g)

210.3 ± 74.7

280.9 ± 90.2*

241.2 ± 90.0

287.6 ± 87.6*

Visceral FM (g)

118.0 ± 47.3

156.7 ± 45.6*

98.5 ± 37.8

121.6 ± 36.0*

Subcutaneous FM (g)

92.3 ± 42.1

124.2 ± 55.1*

142.6 ± 61.9

166.0 ± 63.1

VATA/SATA ratio

1.15 ± 0.53

1.11 ± 0.37

0.59 ± 0.23

0.64 ± 0.23

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.1 ± 0.4

5.4 ± 0.5*

5.0 ± 0.4

5.4 ± 0.6*

Insulin (pmol/L)

70.3 (43.1–90.4)

78.9 (64.6–110.5)*

64.6 (47.4–86.1)

91.8 (71.8–128.4)*

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.2 ± 0.9

5.6 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 1.0

5.5 ± 1.0*

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.4 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 1.1

3.2 ± 0.9

3.5 ± 0.9

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.3

1.0 ± 0.2*

1.4 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.3*

Total: HDL cholesterol ratio

4.23 ± 0.91

5.96 ± 1.38*

3.72 ± 0.98

5.14 ± 1.17*

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.0 (0.9–1.3)

2.4 (1.8–2.9)*

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

1.9 (1.4–2.3)*

HOMA2-IR

1.32 (0.82–1.68)

1.53 (1.23–2.07)*

1.21 (0.89–1.52)

1.64 (1.38–2.35)*

HOMA2-%B

105.9 (84.3–130.6)

112.3 (89.5–138.9)

111.6 (80.8–130.5)

130.5 (85.3–166.0)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

114.7 ± 17.4

124.2 ± 18.3*

112.4 ± 20.3

117.6 ± 19.7

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

73.5 ± 8.8

77.9 ± 8.5*

71.1 ± 9.0

75.3 ± 8.7*

Antihypertensive drugs

0 (0)

2 (4.4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Metabolic syndromee

0 (0)

33 (73.3)*

0 (0)

25 (86.2)*

  1. BP blood pressure; DXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; FM fat mass; HDL high-density lipoprotein; HOMA homeostasis model assessment; HOMA2-IR insulin resistance; HOMA2-%B beta cell function; LDL low-density lipoprotein; MetS metabolic syndrome (IDF definition); SATA subcutaneous adipose tissue area (cm2); SD sagittal diameter; SFT skinfold thickness; VATA visceral adipose tissue area (cm2); WC waist circumference
  2. aValues are mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or sample size (%)
  3. bIDF criteria for MetS other than waist circumference
  4. cIDF MetS criteria: ≥ 90 cm in males, ≥ 80 cm in females
  5. dData available for 57 males and 60 females
  6. eIDF criteria (including waist circumference) for MetS
  7. *P < 0.05 vs. < 2 non-WC MetS risk factors
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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