Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Authors | Location | Type of the study | Inclusion criteria | Population | Intervention | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIb | Placebo | ||||||
Danna, 2015 | Italy | Randomized controlled open-label study | BMI > 30 kg/m2 Obese first-trimester fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dl | 110 | 110 | 2 g MI + 200 mcg folic acid vs. 200 mcg folic acid twice/day | The GDM rate was significantly reduced in the MI group compared with the control group, 14.0% compared with 33.6%, respectively [P < 0.001; odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.17– 0.68] |
Santamaria, 2016 | Italy | Randomized controlled open-label study | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2 Overweight first-trimester fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dl and/or random glycaemia < 200 mg/dl | 110 | 110 | 2 g MI + 200 mcg folic acid vs. 200 mcg folic acid twice/day | The incidence of GDM was significantly lower in the MI group compared to the placebo group [11.6% versus 27.4%, respectively, p¼0.004]. MI treatment was associated with a 67% risk reduction of developing GDM [OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.15, 0.70] |
Vitale, 2020 | Italy | Randomized controlled open-label study | BMI > 25 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2 Overweight first-trimester fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dl and/or random glycaemia < 200 mg/dl | 110 | 110 | 2 g MI + 200 mcg folic acid vs. 200 mcg folic acid twice/day | The global incidence of GDM was significantly reduced in the MI group [n = 9, 8.2%] compared with the placebo group [n = 24, 21.2%] [p = 0.006] |
Esmailzadeh,2022 | Iran | Randomized controlled double-blind study | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2 Overweight first-trimester fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dl and/or random glycaemia < 200 mg/dl | 30 | 30 | 2 g MI + 200 mcg folic acid vs. 400 mcg folic acid daily | The incidence of gestational diabetes in MI group was noticeably minimized compared with that of the control group [RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.94, p = 0.037] |