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Table 4 Association of biscuit consumption with DR prevalence in subgroups of confounders

From: Biscuit consumption and diabetic retinopathy incidence in adults in the United States

 

OR (95% CI) P-value

P trend

P interaction

Never ate

1–11 times per year

1–3 times per month

 ≥ 1 times per week

Sex

 Male

Reference

1.388 (0.678, 2.845) 0.370

1.702 (0.788, 3.677) 0.176

2.434 (1.066, 5.561) 0.035

0.021

0.597

 Female

Reference

2.957 (1.026, 8.520) 0.045

2.029 (0.658, 6.254) 0.218

2.577 (0.799, 8.312) 0.113

0.585

Ethnicity

 Hispanic

Reference

1.851 (0.534, 6.410) 0.331

0.825 (0.194, 3.501) 0.794

1.382 (0.299, 6.398) 0.679

0.673

0.529

 Non-Hispanic

Reference

1.811 (0.923, 3.555) 0.084

2.209 (1.084, 4.501) 0.029

2.689 (1.262, 5.728) 0.010

0.009

BMI (kg/m2)

  < 25

Reference

0.937 (0.332, 2.644) 0.902

0.943 (0.291, 3.060) 0.923

0.550 (0.141, 2.151) 0.391

0.421

0.136

  ≥ 25

Reference

2.759 (1.295, 5.879) 0.009

2.768 (1.244, 6.159) 0.013

4.376 (1.898, 10.086) 0.0005

0.002

  1. Boldface indicates statistical significance. 
  2. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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