Table 2 Baseline and the 16-week change in dietary intake after the DASH diet and legume-based DASH diet, based on intention to treat analysis
|  | DASH diet (n = 150) | Legume-based DASH diet (n = 150) | Difference in change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Run-in-period | Change from baseline | Run-in-period | Change from baseline | Mean (95% CI) | p value | |
DASH score | 3.1 (1.2) | 2.7 (2.3) | 3.1 (1.4) | 3.1 (2.3) | 0.4 (−0.12–0.92) | 0.133 |
Red meat (g/day) | 57.0 (52.3) | 6.8 (98) | 64.9 (72.8) | −34.3 (101) | −41 (−63.7–−18.5) | P < 0.001 |
Legumes (g/day) | 0 (0) | 13.6 (15.0) | 0 (0) | 114 (17.2) | 100.4 (96.7–104.1) | P < 0.001 |
Fruit (g/day) | 268 (183) | 120 (167) | 296 (191) | 120 (152) | 0.0 (−3.6.2–36.2) | 1.0 |
Vegetables (g/day) | 141.1 (102) | 63.9 (90.5) | 131.3 (99.1) | 67.6 (81.0) | 3.7 (−15.8–23.2) | 0.070 |
Whole grains (g/day) | 76.5 (66.7) | 74.2 (50.9) | 74.9 (65.5) | 69.6 (57.9) | −4.6 (−16.9–7.9) | 0.465 |
Refined grains (g/day) | 174 (88.4) | −118 (161) | 176 (107) | −122 (171) | −4.0 (−41.7–33.7) | 0.834 |
Nuts and seeds (g/day) | 6.8 (8.0) | 11.2 (7.8) | 6.8 (9.7) | 12.6 (8.2) | 1.4 (−0.4–3.2) | 0.130 |
Low fat dairy products (g/day) | 275 (195) | 53.9 (197) | 256 (168) | 57.9 (178) | 4.0 (−38.7–46.7) | 0.853 |
high fat dairy products (g/day) | 229 (130) | −126 (63.7) | 239 (126) | −135 (−63.4) | −9.0 (−23.4–5.4) | 0.221 |
Fish (g/day) | 5.5 (6.0) | 3.5 (3.8) | 5.8 (6.0) | 3.2 (3.0) | −0.3 (−1.1–0.5) | 0.448 |
sweets (g/day) | 110.4 (68.4) | −72.4 (92.6) | 100.1 (63.7) | −72.3 (76.7) | 0.1 (−19.2–19.4) | 0.991 |
Macro- and micronutrients intake | ||||||
Energy intake, kcal/day | 2836 (600) | −522 (188) | 2798 (536) | −554 (198) | −32.0 (−75.9–11.8) | 0.152 |
Carbohydrate, % energy | 58.9 (7.9) | −3.8 (6.2) | 58.3 (7.3) | −3.9 (6.1) | −0.1 (−1.4–1.3) | 0.888 |
Protein, % energy | 10.0 (3.2) | 4.3 (2.8) | 11.1 (3.5) | 3.9 (2.6) | −0.4 (−1.0–0.2) | 0.200 |
Total fat, % energy | 31.1 (6.7) | −2.3 (5.6) | 30.6 (6.9) | −2.6 (5.7) | −0.3 (−1.6–1.0) | 0.646 |
SFA, % energy | 9.8 (2.2) | −2.1 (1.6) | 9.4 (2.2) | −3.7 (1.8) | −1.6 (−1.9–−1.2) |  < 0.001 |
MUFA, % of energy | 16.0 (2.3) | 3.7 (3.5) | 16.4 (3.0) | 3.8 (3.9) | 0.1 (−0.7–0.9) | 0.815 |
PUFA, % of energy | 7.6 (1.7) | 2.5 (3.5) | 7.8 (2.0) | 2.3 (3.5) | −0.2 (−0.9–0.6) | 0.621 |
Fiber, g/day | 33.4 (13.4) | 3.5 (13.0) | 30.6 (13.3) | 8.6 (13.9) | 5.1 (2.0–8.1) | 0.001 |
cholesterol, g/day | 248 (71.2) | −49.4 (70.6) | 255 (72.5) | −70.3 (73.9) | −20.9 (−37.3–−4.4) | 0.012 |
Sodium intake, mg/day | 3048 (1826) | −658 (1946) | 3214 (1960) | −713 (1801) | −55.0 (−481–371) | 0.799 |