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Table 1 The effects of clinical variables and pharmacotherapy on BNP and NT-proBNP concentrations

From: NT-proBNP as a predictor of death and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes

Clinical parameter

Effect on circulating BNP/NT-proBNP

Age

Increase [23]

Female gender

Increase [23]

African Americans

Decrease [24]

Obesity

Decrease [25,26,27]

Hypertension

Increase [52]

Coronary heart disease

Increase [53]

Left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Increase [8, 54]

Atrial fibrillation

Increase [55]

Renal insufficiency

Increase [56]

Hepatic disease

Increase [57]

Metformin

Variable [37, 38]

Pioglitazone

Increase [39, 40]

DPP-4i

Unchanged [41]

SGLT2 inhibitors

Decrease [42,43,44,45,46,47]

GLP-1 RA

Variable [48, 49]

Sulfonylureas

Increase [50]

Insulin

Variable [37, 50, 51]

ACE inhibitors

Decrease [58]

Beta-blockers

Variable [59, 60]

  1. DPP-4i dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 sodium–glucose cotransporter 2, GLP-1 RA glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme