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Table 2 Characteristics of the subjects categorized according to tertiles of baseline HbA1c level and change in HbA1c

From: Associations of the baseline level and change in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c with incident hypertension in non-diabetic individuals: a 3-year cohort study

Characteristics, N = 2591

Tertiles of baseline HbA1c (%)

Tertiles of change in HbA1c (%)

Tertile1 (4.0–5.6)

(N = 892)

Tertile2 (5.7–5.9)

(N = 904)

Tertile3 (6.0–6.4)

(N = 795)

p for trend

Tertile1 (≤ − 0.4)

(N = 966)

Tertile2 (− 0.3 to − 0.2)

(N = 750)

Tertile3 (≥ − 0.1)

(N = 875)

p for trend

Incident hypertension, n (%)

107 (12.0)

138 (15.3)

139 (17.5)

0.001

119 (12.3)

117 (15.6)

148 (16.9)

0.005

Baseline parameters

       

Age (years)

52.77 ± 7.45

55.67 ± 7.13

57.52 ± 6.77

 < 0.001

55.97 ± 7.12

55.19 ± 7.45

54.54 ± 7.45

 < 0.001

Men, n (%)

196 (22.0)

200 (22.1)

172 (21.6)

0.872

217 (22.5)

163 (21.7)

188 (21.5)

0.610

BMI (Kg/m2)

23.31 ± 5.19

23.30 ± 3.08

23.76 ± 3.39

0.028

23.24 ± 2.85

23.54 ± 5.77

23.59 ± 3.23

0.061

SBP (mmHg)

116.5 ± 13.1

116.0 ± 16.6

118.0 ± 14.4

0.051

117.2 ± 14.1

116.3 ± 15.7

116.7 ± 14.8

0.499

DBP (mmHg)

72.2 ± 9.2

71.5 ± 10.9

71.9 ± 9.7

0.485

72.1 ± 9.6

71.7 ± 10.5

71.9 ± 9.9

0.650

HbA1c (%)

5.39 ± 0.25

5.80 ± 0.08

6.15 ± 0.13

 < 0.001

5.91 ± 0.29

5.76 ± 0.30

5.61 ± 0.38

 < 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

5.14 ± 0.59

5.32 ± 0.59

5.51 ± 0.58

 < 0.001

5.37 ± 0.59

5.31 ± 0.62

5.26 ± 0.61

 < 0.001

2hPG (mmol/L)

6.35 ± 1.54

6.73 ± 1.61

7.23 ± 1.69

 < 0.001

6.81 ± 1.62

6.68 ± 1.64

6.76 ± 1.68

0.475

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.38 ± 0.93

4.55 ± 0.97

4.77 ± 1.06

 < 0.001

4.52 ± 1.02

4.54 ± 1.00

4.61 ± 0.97

0.058

Triglycerides, (mmol/L)

1.58 ± 1.02

1.60 ± 0.93

1.66 ± 1.02

0.105

1.54 ± 0.93

1.59 ± 0.95

1.71 ± 1.08

0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.41 ± 0.69

2.55 ± 0.74

2.74 ± 0.79

 < 0.001

2.54 ± 0.75

2.55 ± 0.75

2.60 ± 0.76

0.139

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.27 ± 0.30

1.27 ± 0.31

1.27 ± 0.31

0.928

1.27 ± 0.32

1.27 ± 0.30

1.27 ± 0.29

0.988

Higher education, n (%)

157 (17.6)

142 (15.7)

129 (16.2)

0.432

156 (16.1)

114 (15.2)

158 (18.1)

0.285

Current smoker, n (%)

99 (11.1)

89 (9.8)

90 (11.3)

0.912

108 (11.2)

73 (9.7)

97 (11.1)

0.926

Current alcohol consumer, n (%)

47 (5.3)

28 (3.1)

35 (4.4)

0.341

45 (4.7)

28 (3.7)

37 (4.2)

0.632

Changes in parameters over 3 years

      

Change in HbA1c

− 0.11 ± 0.32

− 0.27 ± 0.25

− 0.35 ± 0.30

 < 0.001

− 0.52 ± 0.15

− 0.25 ± 0.05

0.08 ± 0.26

 < 0.001

Change in BMI

0.43 ± 5.01

0.50 ± 2.08

0.33 ± 2.39

0.561

0.31 ± 1.87

0.19 ± 5.25

0.76 ± 2.77

0.007

Change in SBP

3.89 ± 13.22

5.10 ± 17.40

3.75 ± 16.54

0.902

2.65 ± 14.73

4.44 ± 17.60

5.91 ± 15.18

 < 0.001

Change in DBP

1.45 ± 8.73

2.01 ± 10.92

1.43 ± 9.81

0.994

0.89 ± 9.23

1.77 ± 10.85

2.35 ± 9.63

0.002

  1. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation, or numbers (percent). p value for trend from linear regression for continuous variables or linear-by-linear analysis from chi-square tests for categorical variables. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 2hPG 2-h plasma glucose, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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