Table 1 Characteristics of the total study participants and according to the incidence of hypertension at 3-year follow-up
Characteristics | Total | Incident hypertension | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 2591) | No (N = 2207) | Yes (N = 384) | ||
Baseline parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age (years) | 55.26 ± 7.35 | 54.82 ± 7.26 | 57.77 ± 7.37 |  < 0.001 |
Men, n (%) | 568 (21.9) | 471 (21.3) | 97 (25.3) | 0.095 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.44 ± 4.02 | 23.29 ± 4.13 | 24.32 ± 3.18 |  < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 116.8 ± 14.8 | 115.3 ± 13.9 | 125.4 ± 17.0 |  < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 71.9 ± 9.9 | 71.2 ± 9.5 | 75.8 ± 11.6 |  < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.77 ± 0.35 | 5.76 ± 0.35 | 5.82 ± 0.34 | 0.003 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.32 ± 0.60 | 5.29 ± 0.59 | 5.44 ± 0.63 |  < 0.001 |
2hPG (mmol/L) | 6.75 ± 1.65 | 6.67 ± 1.62 | 7.24 ± 1.73 |  < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.56 ± 1.00 | 4.55 ± 0.99 | 4.63 ± 1.04 | 0.09 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.61 ± 0.99 | 1.59 ± 0.97 | 1.75 ± 1.10 | 0.005 |
LDL- C (mmol/L) | 2.56 ± 0.75 | 2.55 ± 0.75 | 2.62 ± 0.77 | 0.098 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.27 ± 0.31 | 1.28 ± 0.30 | 1.24 ± 0.31 | 0.048 |
Higher education, n (%) | 428 (16.5) | 366 (16.6) | 62 (16.1) | 0.882 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 278 (10.7) | 235 (10.6) | 43 (11.2) | 0.722 |
Current alcohol consumer, n (%) | 110 (4.2) | 91 (4.1) | 19 (4.9) | 0.492 |
Changes in parameters over 3Â years | ||||
Change in HbA1c | − 0.24 ± 0.31 | − 0.25 ± 0.30 | − 0.19 ± 0.35 | 0.001 |
Change in BMI | 0.43 ± 3.45 | 0.37 ± 3.67 | 0.73 ± 1.74 | 0.065 |
Change in SBP | 4.27 ± 15.81 | 2.30 ± 13.89 | 15.61 ± 20.68 |  < 0.001 |
Change in DBP | 1.64 ± 9.87 | 0.83 ± 9.16 | 6.30 ± 12.25 |  < 0.001 |