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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics, conventional two-dimensional echocardiographic parameters between T2DM patients and normal subjects (mean ± SD)

From: Evaluation of right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control by layer specific global longitudinal strain and strain rate

Variable

Normal (59)

T2DM (52)

t/χ2 value

P value

Clinical

 Age (years)

50.51 ± 13.14

54.54 ± 11.42

− 1.728

0.087

 Male (%)

33(59)

30(62)

0.035

0.852

 BMI (kg/m2)

23.23 ± 3.13

23.89 ± 3.08

− 1.132

0.260

 Heart rate (bpm)

75.12 ± 9.18

76.21 ± 9.61

− 0.611

0.543

 DBP (mmHg)

123 ± 12

127 ± 13

− 2.053

0.043

 SBP (mmHg)

76 ± 9

78 ± 9

− 0.938

0.351

 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

4.88 ± 0.62

13.27 ± 4.23

− 15.055

 < 0.001

 HbA1c (%)

5.09 ± 0.61

10.20 ± 2.14

− 17.564

 < 0.001

 TCH (mmol/L)

3.88 ± 0.69

3.97 ± 0.80

− 0.680

0.498

 TG (mmol/L)

1.11 ± 0.30

1.21 ± 0.59

− 1.168

0.245

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.25 ± 0.28

1.19 ± 0.34

1.053

0.295

 LDL (mmol/L)

2.04 ± 0.49

2.21 ± 0.59

− 1.662

0.100

 Medical treatment

  Diet treatment

0(0)

0(0)

  

  Oral drug

0(0)

16(31)

  

  Insulin

0(0)

32(62)

  

  Insulin + oral drug

0(0)

15(29)

  

Echocardiography

 RVd-base (mm)

30.25 ± 4.09

30.31 ± 3.09

− 0.092

0.927

 RVd-mid (mm)

25.90 ± 3.85

25.73 ± 4.74

0.211

0.834

 RVA-D (cm2)

14.21 ± 2.75

13.58 ± 2.73

1.217

0.226

 RVA-S (cm2)

6.88 ± 1.82

6.56 ± 1.73

0.935

0.352

 RVFAC (%)

51.82 ± 6.67

51.90 ± 6.92

− 0.067

0.946

 TAPSE (mm)

22.92 ± 3.16

23.04 ± 2.54

− 0.225

0.823

 RVEDV (ml)

26.10 ± 8.83

24.73 ± 9.12

0.802

0.425

 RVESV (ml)

9.07 ± 3.49

8.50 ± 3.48

0.856

0.394

 RVEF (%)

65.51 ± 5.62

65.63 ± 6.65

− 0.107

0.915

 LVEF (%)

64.78 ± 4.56

62.35 ± 4.87

2.738

0.007

 E (m/s)

0.58 ± 0.10

0.54 ± 0.09

2.448

0.016

 A (m/s)

0.37 ± 0.08

0.37 ± 0.07

0.418

0.677

 E/A

1.60 ± 0.31

1.48 ± 0.24

2.183

0.031

 e′(m/s)

0.15 ± 0.03

0.13 ± 0.04

2.532

0.013

 a′ (m/s)

0.14 ± 0.04

0.12 ± 0.02

1.999

0.048

 E/e′

4.08 ± 0.80

4.55 ± 1.95

− 1.711

0.090

 TRV (m/s)

2.05 ± 0.37

2.13 ± 0.30

− 1.369

0.174

  1. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, TCH total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, RVd-base right ventricle basal diameter, RVd-mid RV middle diameter, RVA-D RV areas in the diastole period, RVA-S RV areas in the systole period, RVFAC RV fractional area change, RVEDV RV end diastole volume, RVESV RV end systole volume, RVEF right ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, E peak velocity during early diastole of tricuspid valve, A peak velocity during late diastole of tricuspid valve, e′ peak early diastolic velocities of the anterior tricuspid annulus using TDI, a′ peak late diastolic velocities of the anterior tricuspid annulus using TDI, TRV tricuspid regurgitation velocity
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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