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Table 1 Prevalence of NAFLD in individuals with normal BMI

From: NAFLD in normal weight individuals

Study

Country

Setting

Method

N

Comparison

Prev (%)

European/North American

 Bellentani et al. [12]

Italy

Population-based

USa

67

Lean NAFLD/all lean

16.4

 Yououssi et al. [26]

USA

Population-based

US

4457

Lean NAFLD/all lean

7.4

 Margariti et al. [29]

Greece

Tertiary clinic

US or biopsy

162

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

11.7

 Chiloiro et al. [141]

Italy

Population-based

US

2946

Lean NAFLD/all lean

8.1

 Cruz et al. [142]

USA

Hospital-based

Biopsy

1090

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

11.5

 Denkmayr et al. [31]

Austria

Tertiary clinic

Biopsy

466

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

15.9

 Hagström et al. [36]

Sweden

Hospital-based

Biopsy

646

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

19.0

 Golabi et al. [37]

USA

Population-based

US or IONb

5375

Lean NAFLD/all lean i

10.8

 Alferink et al. [143]

Netherlands

Population-based

US

3882

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

9.9

 Zou et al. [38]

USA

Population-based

USFLIc

4711

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

4.9

 Ahmed et al. [27]

USA

Hospital-based

Biopsy or imaging

4834

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

8.6

 Younes et al. [33]

Multisite

Tertiary clinic

Biopsy

1339

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

14.1

Middle Eastern

 Akyuz et al. [144]

Turkey

Hospital-based

US or biopsy

483

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

7.6

 Lankarani et al. [145]

Iran

Population-based

US

819

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

16.4

South Asian

 Singh et al. [15]

India

Tertiary clinich

US

39

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

17.9

 Das et al. [146]

India

Population-based

US and CTd

164

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

31.7

 Kumar et al. [147]

India

Hospital-based

US

205

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

13.2

 Bhat et al. [148]

India

Tertiary clinic

US and LFTe

150

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

15.3

 Singh et al. [149]

India

Tertiary clinic

US

632

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

15.9

 Alam et al. [150]

Bangladesh

Population-based

US

2782

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

14.5

 Niriella et al. [108]

Sri Lanka

Population-based

US

936

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

12.8

 Rahman et al. [151]

Bangladesh

Population-based

US

1305

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

4.1

 Choudhary et al. [152]

India

Tertiary clinich

Biopsy

157

Lean NAFLD/all lean

33.5

East Asian

 Kim et al. [14]

Korea

Population-basedh

US

460

Lean NAFLD/all lean

16.1

 Hsiao et al. [153]

Taiwan

Hospital-based

US

16,309

Lean NAFLD/all lean

32.1

 Goh et al. [154]

Malaysia

Hospital-basedh

US

1621

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

10.6

 Feng et al. [155]

China

Hospital-basedh

US

731

Lean NAFLD/all lean

18.3

 Fukuda et al. [156]

Japan

Population-basedh

US

4629

Lean NAFLD/all lean

4.6

 Wang et al. [157]

China

Population-based

US

4899

Lean NAFLD/all lean

12.7

 Yoshitaka et al. [158]

Japan

Hospital-basedh

US

1647

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

22.1

 Shao et al. [159]

China

Hospital-based

US and MRI

1509

Lean NAFLD/all NAFLD

20.2

 Wang [160]

Japan

Hospital-basedh

US

10,064

Lean NAFLD/ all lean

5.4

Meta-analysis

 Ye et al. [20]

Multinational

Multiple

US, CT, MRIf, CAPg, FLIh, HISi, LPAIj, or biopsy

63,017

Lean NAFLD/all lean

10.6

 Shi et al. [21]

Multinational

Population-basedh

US

55,936

Lean NAFLD/all lean

10.2

  1. Normal BMI: < 25 kg/m2 for non-Asians; < 23 kg/m2 for Asians
  2. aUS: abdominal ultrasonography
  3. bION: index of NASH
  4. cUSFLI: US fatty liver index
  5. dCT: computed tomography
  6. eLFT: liver function tests (i.e., hepatic transaminases)
  7. fMRI: magnetic resonance imaging
  8. gCAP: controlled attenuation parameter
  9. hFLI: fatty liver index
  10. iHIS: hepatic steatosis index
  11. jLPAI: liver-spleen attenuation index
  12. hRecruited from population of apparently healthy individuals or health checkup program