Table 4 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for metabolic syndrome components according to quintiles of protein intakes per body weight (gr/kg) in men and women

Total protein

 N = 3659

731

732

732

732

732

 Median intake (gr/kg BW)

0.94

1.23

1.48

1.74

2.17

 Median intake (%E)

11.44

11.77

11.93

12.31

12.77

 Elevated waist circumference

Ref

0.74 (0.59–0.92)^*

0.47 (0.38–0.59)^*

0.34 (0.27–0.42)^*

0.12 (0.09–0.15)^*

 Hypertension

Ref

0.83 (0.65–1.05)

0.78 (0.61–0.99)^*

0.75 (0.58–0.96)^*

0.57 (0.43–0.74)^*

 Increased TG

Ref

0.94 (0.76–1.16)

0.73 (0.58–0.91)^*

0.71 (0.57–0.89)^*

0.47 (0.37–0.59)^*

 Reduced HDL-c

Ref

1.04 (0.84–1.29)

0.85 (0.68–1.06)

0.76 (0.61–0.95)^*

0.51 (0.40–0.64)^*

 Elevated blood glucose

Ref

1.02 (0.78–1.33)

0.61 (0.45–0.82)^*

0.73 (0.55–0.98)^*

0.52 (0.38–0.72)^*

 Metabolic syndrome

Ref

0.85 (0.67–1.06)

0.61 (0.48–0.77)^*

0.56 (0.44–0.71)^*

0.24 (0.18–0.33)^*

Animal protein

 Median intake (gr/kg BW)

0.19

0.30

0.39

0.51

0.73

 Median intake (%E)

1.83

2.71

3.24

3.82

5.19

 Elevated waist circumference

Ref

0.82 (0.66–1.02)

0.71 (0.56–0.88)^*

0.65 (0.52–0.81)^*

0.32 (0.25–0.41)^*

 Hypertension

Ref

0.99 (0.78–1.28)

1.13 (0.88–1.47)

1.02 (0.77–1.33)

0.77 (0.57–1.05)

 Increased TG

Ref

0.92 (0.74–1.15)

0.72 (0.57–0.90)^*

0.77 (0.61–0.92)^*

0.72 (0.55–0.93)^*

 Reduced HDL-c

Ref

0.83 (0.67–1.04)

0.86 (0.69–1.09)

0.89 (0.70–1.14)

0.74 (0.57–0.96)^*

 Elevated blood glucose

Ref

1.01 (0.76–1.35)

0.97 (0.71–1.31)

0.92 (0.67–1.27)

0.81 (0.57–1.15)

 Metabolic syndrome

Ref

0.86 (0.67–1.09)

0.74 (0.57–0.95)^*

0.77 (0.59–1.00)

0.50 (0.37–0.68)^*

Plant protein

 Median intake (gr/kg BW)

0.64

0.84

1.04

1.25

1.61

 Median intake (%E)

7.47

8.05

8.41

8.90

9.67

 Elevated waist circumference

Ref

0.70 (0.56–0.88)^*

0.62 (0.49–0.77)^*

0.36 (0.28–0.45)^*

0.20 (0.16–0.25)^*

 Hypertension

Ref

0.97 (0.76–1.24)

0.82 (0.63–1.06)

0.70 (0.53–0.93)^*

0.68 (0.50–0.91)^*

 Increased TG

Ref

0.89 (0.71–1.11)

0.89 (0.71–1.12)

0.73 (0.57–0.92)^*

0.54 (0.41–0.70)^*

 Reduced HDL-c

Ref

0.89 (0.72–1.11)

0.84 (0.67–1.05)

0.75 (0.59–0.95)^*

0.47 (0.36–0.61)^*

 Elevated blood glucose

Ref

0.91 (0.69–1.21)

0.77 (0.57–1.04)

0.68 (0.50–0.94)^*

0.54 (0.38–0.78)^*

 Metabolic syndrome

Ref

0.86 (0.68–1.08)

0.76 (0.60–0.98)^*

0.59 (0.45–0.77)^*

0.35 (0.25–0.48)^*

Total protein

 N = 5260

1052

1053

1052

1051

1052

 Median intake (gr/kg)

0.75

1.04

1.27

1.56

2.01

 Median intake (%E)

11.12

11.61

11.88

12.16

12.63

 Elevated waist circumference

Ref

0.62 (0.45–0.85)^*

0.41 (0.30–0.55)^*

0.34 (0.25–0.47)^*

0.15 (0.11–0.20)^*

 Hypertension

Ref

0.91 (0.75–1.11)

0.80 (0.65–0.97)^*

0.70 (0.57–0.85)^*

0.55 (0.45–0.68)^*

 Increased TG

Ref

1.01 (0.84–1.21)

0.78 (0.65–0.95)^*

0.75 (0.62–0.91)^*

0.66 (0.54–0.81)^*

 Reduced HDL-c

Ref

0.95 (0.80–1.13)

0.78 (0.65–0.93)^*

0.64 (0.54–0.77)^*

0.65 (0.55–0.78)^*

 Elevated blood glucose

Ref

0.72 (0.59–0.89)^*

0.79 (0.64–0.96)^*

0.76 (0.62–0.93)^*

0.66 (0.53–0.82)^*

 Metabolic syndrome

Ref

0.81 (0.67–0.97)^*

0.63 (0.52–0.76)^*

0.56 (0.46–0.68)^*

0.42 (0.34–0.51)^*

Animal protein

 Median intake (gr/kg)

0.13

0.22

0.30

0.41

0.59

 Median intake (%E)

1.51

2.31

2.89

3.52

4.57

 Elevated waist circumference

Ref

1.14 (0.87–1.50)

1.18 (0.90–1.54)

0.77 (0.59–0.99)^*

0.59 (0.46–0.75)^*

 Hypertension

Ref

1.04 (0.86–1.27)

0.78 (0.64–0.96)^*

0.89 (0.72–1.11)

0.85 (0.68–1.07)

 Increased TG

Ref

1.09 (0.90–1.32)

1.09 (0.89–1.32)

1.21 (0.98–1.48)

1.05 (0.84–1.31)

 Reduced HDL-c

Ref

0.94 (0.78–1.12)

1.09 (0.91–1.30)

0.91 (0.75–1.10)

0.85 (0.70–1.04)

 Elevated blood glucose

Ref

0.97 (0.78–1.20)

1.04 (0.84–1.29)

0.95 (0.76–1.19)

1.01 (0.79–1.28)

 Metabolic syndrome

Ref

0.98 (0.81–1.18)

0.96 (0.79–1.16)

0.90 (0.73–1.10)

0.88 (0.71–1.10)

Plant protein

 Median intake (gr/kg)

0.53

0.74

0.92

1.14

1.58

 Median intake (%E)

7.72

8.17

8.69

9.09

10.07

 Elevated waist circumference

Ref

0.68 (0.49–0.93)^*

0.50 (0.37–0.68)^*

0.41 (0.31–0.56)^*

0.19 (0.14–0.25)^*

 Hypertension

Ref

0.91 (0.75–1.12)

0.79 (0.64–0.98)^*

0.74 (0.64–0.98)^*

0.62 (0.48–0.79)^*

 Increased TG

Ref

0.83 (0.69–1.01)

0.68 (0.55–0.83)^*

0.63 (0.51–0.78)^*

0.56 (0.45–0.71)^*

 Reduced HDL-c

Ref

0.92 (0.77–1.10)

0.78 (0.65–0.94)^*

0.75 (0.62–0.91)^*

0.63 (0.51–0.77)^*

 Elevated blood glucose

Ref

0.85 (0.69–1.04)

0.72 (0.57–0.89)^*

0.81 (0.64–1.02)

0.68 (0.53–0.87)^*

 Metabolic syndrome

Ref

0.82 (0.68–0.99)^*

0.61 (0.50–0.75)^*

0.60 (0.48–0.74)^*

0.41 (0.33–0.52)^*