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Table 2 Risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions quality assessment

From: Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults: a dose response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Study

Bias due to confounding

Bias due to selection of participants

Bias due to exposure assessment

Bias due to misclassification during follow-up

Bias due to missing data

Bias due to measurement of the outcome

Bias due to selective reporting of the results

Overall judgement

Alhazmi 2013

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Brostow 2011

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Djoussé 2011a (WHS)

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Djoussé 2011b (CHS)

Serious

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Serious

Dow 2016

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Ericson 2015

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Guasch-Ferre 2017

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Kaushik 2009

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

No information

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Kröger 2011

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Meyer 2001

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Salmeron 1997

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Salmeron 2001

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

No information

Low

Low

Moderate

Song 2004

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Van Dam 2002

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Van Woudenbergh 2009

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Moderate

Villegas 2011

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Virtanen 2014

Moderate

Low

Serious

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Serious

Wang 2015

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Zheng 2018

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Moderate

Zong 2019

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Hodge 2007

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Nanri 2011

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Mirmiran 2018

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Zhang 2019

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Øyen 2021

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

Moderate

Low

Moderate