Study | Bias due to confounding | Bias due to selection of participants | Bias due to exposure assessment | Bias due to misclassification during follow-up | Bias due to missing data | Bias due to measurement of the outcome | Bias due to selective reporting of the results | Overall judgement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alhazmi 2013 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Brostow 2011 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Djoussé 2011a (WHS) | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Djoussé 2011b (CHS) | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
Dow 2016 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Ericson 2015 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Guasch-Ferre 2017 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Kaushik 2009 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | No information | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Kröger 2011 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Meyer 2001 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Salmeron 1997 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Salmeron 2001 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | No information | Low | Low | Moderate |
Song 2004 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Van Dam 2002 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Van Woudenbergh 2009 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Villegas 2011 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Virtanen 2014 | Moderate | Low | Serious | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Serious |
Wang 2015 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Zheng 2018 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Zong 2019 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Hodge 2007 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Nanri 2011 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Mirmiran 2018 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Zhang 2019 | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Øyen 2021 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate |