Table 2 Treatment effects applied in the analyses

Physiological parameters (applied in the first year of the analysis)

HbA1c (%)

 − 1.30 (0.05)*

 − 0.79 (0.05)

 − 1.50 (0.13)

 − 1.29 (0.11)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 − 4.85 (0.65)

 − 4.34 (0.63)

 − 3.09 (1.13)

 − 3.57 (1.08)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

 − 5.08 (1.62)*

4.74 (1.57)

0 (0)^†

0 (0)^†

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

0.73 (0.35)*

3.11 (0.34)

0 (0)^†

0 (0)^†

BMI (kg/m²)

 − 1.73 (0.10)*

 − 1.37 (0.09)

 − 1.50 (0.18)*

 − 0.73 (0.17)

Adverse event rates (applied while patients received initial therapies)

Non-severe hypoglycemia event rate (events per 100 patient years)

2.25

1.90

0.00^†

0.00^†

Severe hypoglycemia event rate (events per 100 patient years)

0.25

0.24

0.00^†

0.00^†

Proportion of nocturnal non-severe hypoglycemic events

0.11

0.13

0.00^†

0.00^†

Proportion of nocturnal severe hypoglycemic events

0.00

0.00

0.00^†

0.00^†