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Table 3 Dietary energy and macronutrient intakes of the study population (n = 283)

From: Dietary fructose and its association with the metabolic syndrome in Lebanese healthy adults: a cross-sectional study

Variablesa

All participants (n = 283)

Metabolic syndrome (n = 102)

No metabolic syndrome (n = 181)

p-valueb

  

Mean ± SD

  

Energy (Kcal/day)

3134 ± 1301

3232 ± 1337

3080 ± 1281

0.34

Carbohydrates (g/day)

388.22 ± 158.16

407.40 ± 170.21

377.41 ± 150.37

0.12

Carbohydrates (% of energy)

50.37 ± 8.30

50.98 ± 8.40

50.03 ± 8.25

0.36

Proteins (g/day)

102.83 ± 60.65

101.95 ± 50.44

103.30 ± 65.83

0.85

Proteins (% of energy)

13.02 ± 3.64

12.67 ± 3.22

13.22 ± 3.86

0.22

Fats (g/day)

131.81 ± 64.97

134.82 ± 67.28

130.12 ± 63.77

0.56

Fats (% of energy)

39.10 ± 7.86

38.56 ± 8.11

39.41 ± 7.72

0.38

Dietary fibers (g/day)

28.16 ± 11.78

28.70 ± 13.49

27.85 ± 10.72

0.56

Total sugar intake (g/day)

104.99 ± 58.45

111.18 ± 61.84

101.49 ± 56.32

0.18

Added fructose (g/day) c

39.12 ± 34.10

41.85 ± 33.70

37.59 ± 34.31

0.31

Added fructose (% of Kcal/day)

4.80 ± 3.56

4.81 ± 2.97

4.79 ± 3.86

0.96

Natural fructose (g/day) d

12.29 ± 8.57

11.84 ± 7.88

12.55 ± 8.95

0.51

Natural fructose (% of Kcal/day)

1.78 ± 1.41

1.61 ± 1.15

1.87 ± 1.53

0.12

Total fructose (g/day) (Added + Natural)

51.42 ± 35.54

53.69 ± 35.03

50.14 ± 35.85

0.42

Total fructose (% Kcal/day)

6.58 ± 3.71

6.42 ± 2.96

6.67 ± 4.07

0.59

  1. SD standard deviation
  2. a Data are expressed as Mean ± SD
  3. b Significance was derived from independent t-test
  4. c Added fructose from industrialized foods and beverages containing beet or cane sugar/molasses, corn sweeteners and invert syrup
  5. d Natural fructose in fructose-containing food such as fruits, vegetables, honey
  6. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Alberti et al. 2009 [7]