Fig. 6

Effects of TRL on the cell cycle of HMCs induced by high glucose (A). Effects of TRL on Cyclin D1 and CDK4 protein and mRNA expression in HMCs (B, C). The cell cycle distribution was determined by assessing the individual nuclear DNA content reflected by the fluorescence intensity of incorporated PI. Flow cytometry analyzed the percentages of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases after the indicated treatments. Representative flow cytometry graphs are shown and the results are presented as the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. NG normal glucose, HG high glucose, A TRL + high glucose, B TRL + β-catenin siRNA + high glucose, C β-catenin pcDNA + high glucose, D TRL + β-catenin pcDNA + high glucose, E ICG-001 + high glucose; ^#P < 0.05 versus NG, ^##P < 0.01 versus NG; *P < 0.05 versus HG, **P < 0.01 versus HG, ^△P < 0.05 versus A, ^△△P < 0.01 versus A; ^▲P < 0.05 versus C, ^▲▲P < 0.01 versus C