Fig. 1

Growth-inhibitory effects of TRL on HMCs under the high-glucose conditions. Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. Cells were treated with various concentrations of TRL (25–800 μM) for 24 h (A), 48 h (B), and 72 h (C); mannitol (24.5 mM, MA) was used as an osmotic control. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. NG normal glucose, HG high glucose, MA mannitol, TRL (25–800 μM): TRL + high glucose; ^#P < 0.05 versus NG, ^##P < 0.01 versus NG; *P < 0.05 versus HG, **P < 0.01 versus HG