Plasma 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol is associated with peripheral nerve function and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild-to-moderate hyperglycemia

Table 2 Multivariable linear regression models displaying the effects of plasma 1,5-AG on outcomes of nerve function parameters

Models	B (95% CI)	β	t	p	Adjusted R²
Composite Z-score of latency
Model 0: unadjusted	− 0.407 (− 0.530 to − 0.283)	− 0.260	− 6.450	< 0.001	0.068
Model 1: age, sex, diabetic duration, BMI, SBP, DBP, hypertension and smoking	− 0.366 (− 0.497 to − 0.235)	− 0.235	− 5.502	< 0.001	0.149
Model 2: model 1 + lipid profiles, UA, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, eGFR and UACR	− 0.293 (− 0.438 to − 0.147)	− 0.184	− 3.955	< 0.001	0.299
Model 3: model 2 + statins treatment and glucose-lowering therapies	− 0.287 (− 0.433 to − 0.140)	− 0.181	− 3.843	< 0.001	0.309
Composite Z-score of amplitude
Model 0: unadjusted	0.386 (0.278–0.494)	0.281	7.015	< 0.001	0.079
Model 1: age, sex, diabetic duration, BMI, SBP, DBP, hypertension and smoking	0.379 (0.263–0.494)	0.276	6.438	< 0.001	0.141
Model 2: model 1 + lipid profiles, UA, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, eGFR and UACR	0.381 (0.247–0.514)	0.272	5.592	< 0.001	0.237
Model 3: model 2 + statins treatment and glucose-lowering therapies	0.366 (0.232–0.500)	0.262	5.352	< 0.001	0.253
Composite Z-score of NCV
Model 0: unadjusted	0.529 (0.405–0.654)	0.330	8.349	< 0.001	0.109
Model 1: age, sex, diabetic duration, BMI, SBP, DBP, hypertension and smoking	0.480 (0.352–0.608)	0.299	7.387	< 0.001	0.233
Model 2: model 1 + lipid profiles, UA, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, eGFR and UACR	0.404 (0.266–0.543)	0.248	5.734	< 0.001	0.398
Model 3: model 2 + statins treatment and glucose-lowering therapies	0.395 (0.256–0.533)	0.242	5.607	< 0.001	0.419

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