Curcumin and zinc co-supplementation along with a loss-weight diet can improve lipid profiles in subjects with prediabetes: a multi-arm, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial

Karandish, Majid; Mozaffari-khosravi, Hassan; Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammad; Cheraghian, Bahman; Azhdari, Maryam

doi:10.1186/s13098-022-00792-2

Table 3 Comparisons of lipid profiles of the participants between and within the groups

From: Curcumin and zinc co-supplementation along with a loss-weight diet can improve lipid profiles in subjects with prediabetes: a multi-arm, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial

Variables	Groups				p-value	Adjusted p-value*
Variables	Placebo (N = 20)	Curcumin (N = 21)	Zinc (N = 21)	Zinc and curcumin (N = 20)	p-value	Adjusted p-value*
Triglyceride (mg/dl)
Pre-intervention	132.55 ± 25.96	131.48 ± 26.16	125.76 ± 25.74	126.1 ± 27.64	0.776	–
Post-intervention	123.1 ± 18.6	107.48 ± 11.9	114.52 ± 16.93	111.6 ± 18.01	0.026	0.286
P-value^▀	0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	–	–
Change ▓	− 9.45 ± 10.51	− 24.0 ± 18.97 ^b	− 11.24 ± 13.821	− 14.50 ± 12.094	0.007	0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
Pre-intervention	186.5 ± 24.91	188.95 ± 23.5	182.52 ± 26.11	181.35 ± 19.98	0.716	–
Post-intervention	184.25 ± 24.4	175.71 ± 17.01	172.67 ± 21.34	170.95 ± 13.45	0.146	0.583
P-value^▀	0.103	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	–	–
Change	− 2.25 ± 5.87	− 13.24 ± 11.52	− 9.86 ± 10.94	− 10.40 ± 9.98	0.005	0.15
LDL (mg/dl)
Pre-intervention	111.74 ± 22.29	114.63 ± 20.22	110.81 ± 28.22	110.87 ± 20.53	0.944	–
Post-intervention	109.48 ± 22.77	97.74 ± 18.9	94.86 ± 23.78	92.93 ± 15.65	0.057	0.378
P-value^▀	0.155	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	–	–
Change▓	− 2.26 ± 6.83	− 16.89 ± 11.68^b	− 15.96 ± 14.82^a	− 17.93 ± 10.06^a	< 0.001	0.035
HDL (mg/dl)
Pre-intervention	48.25 ± 5.58	47 ± 6.39	47.14 ± 6.77	46 ± 6.37	0.734	–
Post-intervention	50.15 ± 5.34	56.47 ± 6.14^b	54.9 ± 6.8^a	55.7 ± 6.3^a	0.007	0.016
P-value^▀	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	–	–
Change▓	1.90 ± 1.41	9.48 ± 4.14^c	7.76 ± 6.40^c	9.70 ± 3.23 ^c	< 0.001	< 0.001
Non-HDL (mg/dl)
Pre-intervention	138.25 ± 26.47	141.95 ± 24.91	135.38 ± 26.47	135.35 ± 21.81	0.834	–
Post-intervention	134.1 ± 26.47	119.24 ± 24.91	117.76 ± 31.79	115.25 ± 21.81	0.036	0.34
P-value^▀	0.009	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	–	–
Change▓	− 4.15 ± 6.42	− 22.71 ± 13.27^c	− 17.62 ± 15.14^a	− 20.10 ± 10.27^a	< 0.001	0.003
HDL to LDL ratio
Pre-intervention	0.45 ± 0.13	0.42 ± 0.11	0.47 ± 0.21	0.43 ± 0.11	0.712	0.192
Post-intervention	0.48 ± 0.14	0.6 ± 0.14	0.63 ± 0.23	0.62 ± 0.15	0.025	0.132
P-value^▀	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	–	–
Change▓	− 0.03 ± 0.04	− 0.18 ± 0.1^c	− 0.16 ± 0.15^b	− 0.19 ± 0.08^c	< 0.001	0.002

Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation
HDL high‐density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein, Non-HDL non-high‐density lipoprotein
▓The changes (pre-post intervention) calculated based on the difference of variables from the baseline (pre- intervention) to the end (post intervention) of the study
P < 0.05 was considered significant difference
^▀P-value was calculated for the comparison variables within group using paired t-test
P-value was calculated for the comparison variables between four groups using one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) with post hoc (LSD) analysis
^*Adjusted P-value was calculated using ANCOVA; Adjusted for PA levels at the baseline, changes in BMI and weight
Significant changes with placebo group indicated by ^aadjusted p < 0.05, ^badjusted p ≤ 0.01, ^cadjusted p ≤ 0.001

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