Curcumin and zinc co-supplementation along with a loss-weight diet can improve lipid profiles in subjects with prediabetes: a multi-arm, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial

Table 2 Comparison of changes ▀ in liver enzymes, anthropometry measurements, and physical activity between the groups

Variables	Groups				p	Adjusted P*
Variables	Placebo N = 20	Curcumin N = 21	Zinc N = 21	Zinc and curcumin N = 20	p	Adjusted P*
Alanine transaminase (IU/L)	− 0.7 ± 2.96	− 1.05 ± 3.93	− 1.19 ± 3.17	− 1.1 ± 3.23	0.968	0.918
Aspartate transaminase (IU/L)	0.05 ± 2.48	− 0.8 ± 2.48	− 0.09 ± 2.39	0 ± 3.31	0.708	0.426
Weight (kg)	− 2.59 ± 2.45	− 4.88 ± 3.14^b	− 4.88 ± 2.63^b	− 5.79 ± 2.77^c	0.004	0.004
Body mass index (kg/m²)	− 0.92 ± 0.85	− 1.96 ± 1.299^b	− 1.85 ± 1.01^b	− 2.09 ± 1.17^c	0.004	0.006
Waist circumstance (cm)	− 1.86 ± 2.12	− 3.84 ± 2.86	− 2.95 ± 3.35	− 3.16 ± 2.55	0.154	0.26
Hip circumstance (cm)	− 2.345 ± 2.01	− 4.83 ± 4.16	− 4.08 ± 4.08	− 4.94 ± 3.37	0.081	0.161
Physical activity^# (MET·min·wk⁻¹)	22.75 (− 74.25, 346)	49.5 (− 738.75, 426)	− 213 (− 213, 346.5)	198 (− 178.5, 532)	0.763	0.98

MET·min·wk⁻1: metabolic equivalent of task minute per week
Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile (IQR)) for normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively
▀The changes (pre-post intervention) calculated based on the difference of variables from the baseline (pre- intervention) to the end (post intervention) of the study
P was calculated for the comparison variables between four groups using one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) with post hoc (LSD) analysis
^#P was calculated for the comparison variables between four groups using Kruskal–Wallis
^*Adjusted P-value was calculated using ANCOVA or nonparametric ANCOVA; Adjusted for physical activity levels at the baseline
Significant changes with placebo group indicated by ^ap < 0.05, ^bp < 0.01, ^cp < 0.001

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