Table 1 Characteristics of the included stuides
From: Long-term glycemic variability and risk of stroke in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis
Study | Country | Design | Participants | Sample size | Mean age Years | Male % | GV measurement and duration | GV parameter analysis | Follow-up duration Years | Outcome reported | Variables adjusted | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lin (2014) | China | RC | T2DM patients | 28,354 | 60.2 | 47.2 | FPG-CV with first year | Q4:Q1 | 7.5 | Ischemic stroke | Age, sex, obesity, smoking, alcohol, duration of DM, type OADs, hypertension drug treatment and HbA1c | 8 |
Lee (2017) | China | RC | T2DM patients | 8259 | 62 | 52 | HbA1c-SD for at least 3 measurements | T3:T1 | 6.3 | Ischemic stroke | Age, sex, hypertension, retinopathy and neuropathy, mean HbA1C, TG, HDL-c, eGFR, and medications use, including ACEI/ARB, aspirin, statin and/or fibrate, and insulin | 8 |
Lee (2020) | Korea | RC | DM patients (T2DM 97.5%) | 624,237 | 56.8 | 66.1 | FPG-CV and FPG-SD for at least 3 measurements | Q4:Q1 | 8 | Total stroke | Age, sex, BMI, alcohol drinking, smoking, regular exercise, presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, CKD, lower income, duration of DM, OAD use, insulin use, and mean HbA1c | 8 |
Li (2020) | Scotland | RC | T2DM patients | 21,352 | 63.3 | 54.6 | HbA1c-CV and HbA1c-SD for at least 5 measurements | Q5:Q1 | 6.8 | Ischemic stroke | Age, sex, calendar year, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles, ever smoking, hypertension, BMI, HbA1c, HDL-c, eGFR, antiplatelet therapy at baseline, and CCI | 8 |
Scott (2020) | Australia | Post-hoc | T2DM patients | 9790 | 62.3 | 62.5 | FPG-CV and FPG-SD, HbA1c-CV and HbA1c-SD for 3 measurements | Q4:Q1 | 5 | Total stroke | Age, sex, HbA1c, study allocation, SBP, DM duration, prior CVD, prior microvascular complications and baseline use of OAD, insulin and antihypertensive drugs | 7 |
Shen (2021) | USA | RC | T2DM patients | 29,260 | 67.2 | 45.7 | FPG-CV and FPG-SD for at least 4 measurements within first 2 years | Q4:Q1 | 4.2 | Total stroke | Age, race, sex, smoking, BMI, SBP, non-HDL/HDL ratio, eGFR, HbA1c, insurance type, hypoglycemia events, use of OAD, anti-hypertensive medications, lipid-lowering medications, and antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications | 7 |
Sato (2021) | Japan | Post-hoc | T2DM patients | 4532 | 63 | 47.5 | HbA1c-CV for at least 3 measurements | Q5:Q1 | 3.2 | Total stroke | Age, sex, BMI, smoking, duration of DM, study allocation, hypertension, eGFR and HbA1c | 7 |