Table 1 Characteristics of the study
From: Associations between serum total bilirubin, obesity and type 2 diabetes
Variable | Low (< 8.6 µmol/L) (n = 13,481) | Moderate (8.6–12.0 µmol/L) (n = 12,714) | High (≥ 12 µmol/L) (n = 12,446) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 46.1 (45.5–46.6) | 46.9 (46.5–47.4) | 46.4 (45.9–46.9) | 0.373 |
Sex (Females, %) | 68.0 (66.9–69.1) | 54.4 (53.3–55.5) | 34.6 (33.6–35.6) | < 0.001 |
Race (%) | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 65.1 (62.4–67.7) | 70.4 (68.1–72.6) | 74.6 (72.6–76.5) | < 0.001 |
Non-Hispanic black | 12.8 (11.2–14.6) | 10.4 (9.3–11.7) | 7.7 (6.8–8.6) | |
Mexican–American | 8.5 (7.3–9.9) | 7.8 (6.7–9.0) | 6.8 (5.8–7.9) | |
Other | 13.6 (12.3–15.0) | 11.4 (10.3–12.5) | 10.9 (9.8–12.2) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.8 (29.6–30.0) | 28.5 (28.3–28.7) | 27.5 (27.3–27.7) | < 0.001 |
Smoking (%) | ||||
Never | 53.2 (51.9–54.6) | 53.2 (51.7–54.7) | 57.2 (55.8–58.6) | < 0.001 |
Former | 20.3 (19.3–21.4) | 22.5 (21.5–23.6) | 24.0 (22.9–25.1) | |
Current | 26.5 (25.0–28.0) | 24.2 (22.9–25.5) | 18.8 (17.7–20.0) | |
Significant alcohol use (%) | 27.8 (26.7–28.9) | 33.0 (31.7–34.2) | 32.1 (30.8–33.4) | < 0.001 |
Marital status (%) | 53.2 (51.6–54.7) | 57.1 (55.6–58.6) | 61.7 (60.2–63.2) | < 0.001 |
Education attainment | ||||
< 9 years | 5.5 (5.0–6.2) | 5.6 (5.1–6.1) | 4.8 (4.3–5.3) | < 0.001 |
9–11 years | 11.1 (10.4–11.9) | 11.6 (10.7–12.5) | 8.9 (8.1–9.7) | |
12 years | 25.1 (23.9–26.3) | 23.9 (22.9–25.0) | 21.8 (20.5–23.1) | |
> 12 years | 58.2 (56.5–59.9) | 58.9 (57.3–60.5) | 64.6 (62.8–66.3) | |
Vigorous/Moderate RPA (%) | 53.9 (52.3–55.4) | 59.8 (58.2–61.4) | 65.6 (63.9–67.3) | < 0.001 |
Poverty income ratio | 2.8 (2.8–2.9) | 3.0 (3.0–3.1) | 3.3 (3.2–3.3) | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.0 (5.0–5.0) | 5.1 (5.1–5.1) | 5.1 (5.1–5.1) | < 0.001 |