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Table 1 Comparisons between matched and final analytic samples and between Tsou and Han within each sample

From: Ethnic disparity in metabolic syndrome and related obesity and health behavior: a community study in Taiwan

Variables

The matched sample

The final analytic sample

Pc value

Total N (%)

Tsou

Han

P value

Total N (%)

Tsou

Han

P value

(N = 667)

(N = 2001)

(N = 274)

(N = 1208)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Sociodemographic characteristics

 Ethnicity

 < 0.001

  Han

2001 (75.0)

   

1208 (81.5)

    

  Tsou

667 (25.0)

   

274 (18.5)

    

 Sex

   

1.000

   

0.264

0.608

  Male

1120 (42.0)

280 (42.0)

840 (42.0)

 

610 (41.2)

121 (44.2)

489 (40.5)

  

  Female

1548 (58.0)

387 (58.0)

1161 (58.0)

 

872 (58.8)

153 (55.8)

719 (59.5)

  

 Age

   

1.000

   

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  20–49 years

844 (31.6)

211 (31.6)

633 (31.6)

 

619 (41.8)

142 (51.8)

477 (39.5)

  

  50-59 years

692 (25.9)

173 (25.9)

519 (25.9)

 

397 (26.8)

68 (24.8)

329 (27.2)

  

  60-69 years

544 (20.4)

136 (20.4)

408 (20.4)

 

253 (17.1)

33 (12.0)

220 (18.2)

  

  ≥ 70 years

588 (22.0)

147 (22.0)

441 (22.0)

 

213 (14.4)

31 (11.3)

182 (15.1)

  

  Mean ± SD

56.9 ± 14.5

56.9 ± 14.5

56.9 ± 14.5

0.986

53.0 ± 14.1

49.9 ± 13.6

53.6 ± 14.1

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Education

   

 < 0.001

   

 < 0.001

0.028

  Elementary school

880 (33.0)

161 (24.1)

719 (35.9)

 

469 (31.6)

62 (22.6)

407 (33.7)

  

  High school

1103 (41.3)

328 (49.1)

775 (38.7)

 

571 (38.5)

113 (41.2)

458 (37.9)

  

  At least with college

685 (25.7)

178 (26.7)

507 (25.3)

 

442 (29.8)

99 (36.1)

343 (28.4)

  

 Marital status

   

 < 0.001

   

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  Singlea

530 (19.9)

190 (28.5)

340 (17.0)

 

278 (18.8)

73 (26.6)

205 (17.0)

  

  Married

2138 (80.1)

477 (71.5)

1661 (83.0)

 

1204 (81.2)

201 (73.4)

1003 (83.0)

  

 Employed status

   

0.529

   

 < 0.001

0.270

  Yes

1176 (44.1)

287 (43.0)

889 (44.4)

 

627 (42.3)

89 (32.5)

538 (44.5)

  

  No

1492 (55.9)

380 (57.0)

1112 (55.6)

 

855 (57.7)

185 (67.5)

670 (55.5)

  

With concurrent chronic diseaseb

         

 Heart disease

246 (9.2)

98 (14.7)

148 (7.4)

 < 0.001

     

 Stroke

45 (1.7)

19 (2.8)

26 (1.3)

0.007

     

 Hypertension

814 (30.5)

314 (47.1)

500 (25.0)

 < 0.001

     

 Hyperlipidemia

293 (11.0)

89 (13.3)

204 (10.2)

0.024

     

 Diabetes

290 (10.9)

98 (14.7)

192 (9.6)

 < 0.001

     

 Gout

224 (8.4)

70 (10.5)

154 (7.7)

0.024

     

Chronic disease, number

  

 < 0.001

  

 0

1482 (55.5)

274 (41.1)

1208 (60.4)

      

 1–2

1016 (38.1)

317 (47.5)

699 (34.9)

      

 3–4

158 (5.9)

72 (10.8)

86 (4.3)

      

 ≥ 5

12 (0.4)

4 (0.6)

8 (0.4)

      

Health behavior

 Smoking

   

0.539

   

0.157

0.417

  Yes

326 (12.2)

86 (12.9)

240 (12.0)

 

194 (13.1)

43 (15.7)

151 (12.5)

  

  No

2342 (87.8)

581 (87.1)

1761 (88.0)

 

1288 (86.9)

231 (84.3)

1057 (87.5)

  

 Drinking alcohol

   

0.014

   

0.003

0.876

  Yes

390 (14.6)

117 (17.5)

273 (13.6)

 

214 (14.4)

55 (20.1)

159 (13.2)

  

  No

2278 (85.4)

550 (82.5)

1728 (86.4)

 

1268 (85.6)

219 (79.9)

1049 (86.8)

  

 Regular exercise

   

0.687

   

0.563

0.981

  Yes

1254 (47.0)

309 (46.3)

945 (47.2)

 

786 (53.0)

141 (51.5)

645 (53.4)

  

  No

1414 (53.0)

358 (53.7)

1056 (52.8)

 

696 (47.0)

133 (48.5)

563 (46.6)

  

 Vegetable intake

   

0.432

   

0.085

0.516

  < 3 servings/day

990 (37.1)

256 (38.4)

734 (36.7)

 

543 (36.6)

88 (32.1)

455 (37.7)

  

  ≥ 3 servings/day

1678 (62.9)

411 (61.6)

1267 (63.3)

 

939 (63.4)

186 (67.9)

753 (62.3)

  

 Fruit intake

   

0.070

   

0.738

0.812

  < 2 servings/day

1544 (57.9)

406 (60.9)

1138 (56.9)

 

852 (57.5)

160 (58.4)

692 (57.3)

  

  ≥ 2 servings/day

1124 (42.1)

261 (39.1)

863 (43.1)

 

630 (42.5)

114 (41.6)

516 (42.7)

  

 Fried food intake

   

0.034

   

0.049

 < 0.001

  < 3 times/week

2537 (95.1)

624 (93.6)

1913 (95.6)

 

1404 (94.7)

253 (92.3)

1151 (95.3)

  

  ≥ 3 times/week

131 (4.9)

43 (6.4)

88 (4.4)

 

78 (5.3)

21 (7.7)

57 (4.7)

  

 Soft drink intake

   

0.034

   

0.028

0.106

  < 3 bottles/week

2320 (87.0)

596 (89.4)

1724 (86.2)

 

1262 (85.2)

245 (89.4)

1017 (84.2)

  

  ≥ 3 bottles/week

348 (13.0)

71 (10.6)

277 (13.8)

 

220 (14.8)

29 (10.6)

191 (15.8)

  

Unhealthy behavior, number

  

0.043

   

0.006

0.649

 0

412 (15.4)

92 (13.8)

320 (16.0)

 

242 (16.3)

48 (17.5)

194 (16.1)

  

 1–2

1473 (55.2)

365 (54.7)

1108 (55.4)

 

794 (53.6)

138 (50.4)

656 (54.3)

  

 3–5

770 (28.9)

203 (30.4)

567 (28.3)

 

436 (29.4)

82 (29.9)

354 (29.3)

  

 ≥ 6

13 (0.5)

7 (1.0)

6 (0.3)

 

10 (0.7)

6 (2.2)

4 (0.3)

  

Obesity index

 Obesity (by BMI)

   

 < 0.001

   

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  Yes

825 (30.9)

360 (54.0)

465 (23.2)

 

364 (24.6)

116 (42.3)

248 (20.5)

  

  No

1843 (69.1)

307 (46.0)

1536 (76.8)

 

1118 (75.4)

158 (57.7)

960 (79.5)

  

 Abdominal obesity

   

 < 0.001

   

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  Yes

1313 (49.2)

483 (72.4)

830 (41.5)

 

592 (39.9)

163 (59.5)

418 (34.6)

  

  No

1355 (50.8)

184 (27.6)

1171 (58.5)

 

890 (60.1)

111 (40.5)

790 (65.4)

  

 Metabolic syndrome

   

 < 0.001

   

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  Yes

943 (35.3)

360 (54.0)

583 (29.1)

 

372 (25.1)

123 (44.9)

249 (20.6)

  

  No

1725 (64.7)

307 (46.0)

1418 (70.9)

 

1110 (74.9)

151 (55.1)

959 (79.4)

  
  1. aSingle includes unmarried, divorced, and widowed status
  2. bOmits those without the disease
  3. cDenotes P value obtained from the comparison between the matched and final analytic samples. Chi-square tests and Student’s t-tests were applied
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

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