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Table 2 Outcomes of included studies

From: Impact of diabetes mellitus developing after kidney transplantation on patient mortality and graft survival: a meta-analysis of adjusted data

Study

Outcomes assessed

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Factors adjusted in multivariate analysis

Yeh 2020 [17]

Graft failure

MACE

All-cause mortality

Death with functioning graft

1.75 (1.56, 1.96)

1.59 (1.38, 1.84)

1.79 (1.59, 2.01)

1.94 (1.71, 2.20)

Age, gender, Charlson comorbidity scores, place of residence, income levels, occupations, presence of comorbidities (including malignancy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus), cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, steroid, kidney transplantation rejection and cytomegalovirus infection

Aleksic 2020 [28]

All-cause mortality

1.40 (0.23, 8.51)

Age, gender, and serum creatinine one year post-transplant

Dienemann 2016 [16]

All-cause mortality

Graft failure

Death censored graft loss

Death with functioning graft

1.57 (1.16, 2.12)

1.22 (1.00, 1.48)

1.10 (0.87, 1.39)

1.44 (1.07, 1.95)

Age, gender, ethnicity, rejection in first year, hepatitis C virus + status, delayed allograft function, living donor, glomerulonephritis, cardiovascular disease before transplant, time on dialysis, transplant year, e-glomerular filtration rate at 6 months, donor age, body mass index, cold ischemia time, HLA-DR mismatch, Panel reactive antibody status, tacrolimus as starting agent and cytomegalovirus disease

Lv 2014 [27]

All-cause mortality

1.22 (0.80, 1.84)

Age, year of transplant, postoperative onset of tumor, postoperative infection, and other risk factors

Wauters 2012 [15]

All-cause mortality

3.48 (2.25, 5.38)

NR

Valderhaug 2012 [29]

Graft failure

1.30 (0.98, 1.73)

Age, gender, body mass index, creatinine level at baseline, deceased-donor status, preemptive trans- plantation, donor age, early rejection, and early cytomegalovirus infection

Valderhaug 2011 [30]

All-cause mortality

1.54 (1.09, 2.17)

Age, gender, body mass index, creatinine, pre-transplant cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol, hypertension, and smoking status, donor status, pre-emptive transplantation, cytomegalovirus infection, early rejection, and use of cyclosporine A

Tsai 2011 [31]

All-cause mortality

Graft failure

0.63 (0.13, 2.97)

0.44 (0.05, 3.73)

Age, gender, parental diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C virus, duration of renal replacement therapy, cardiovascular accident, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery occlusive disease, and hypertension

Kuo 2010 [32]

All-cause mortality

Graft failure

Death censored graft loss

1.22 (0.94, 1.59)

1.20 (0.99, 1.47)

1.16 (0.89, 1.50)

Age, sex, race, body mass index, primary payment, pretransplant comorbid conditions (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and hepatitis C infection), duration of pretransplant dialysis therapy, serum creatinine level at 1 year, peak panel-reactive antibody titer, expanded criteria donor, HLA mismatch, induction therapy, immunosuppression at discharge, cold ischemia time (deceased donor only), and living/deceased donor

Demirci 2010 [23]

Graft failure

1.49 (1.05, 2.10)

Age, gender, acute rejection, pre-transplant dialysis duration, hepatitis C infection, cytomegalovirus infection

Cole 2008 [18]

Graft failure

Death censored graft loss

Death with functioning graft

1.24 (1.14, 1.35)

1.12 (0.99, 1.26)

1.41 (1.25, 1.59)

Patient demographics (age at transplantation, gender, race, cause of end stage renal disease, duration of dialysis before transplantation, body mass index, hepatitis C sero-status) and transplant characteristics (donor source, HLA mismatch, panel reactive antibody, transplant era, induction immunosuppression, and maintenance immunosuppression [medications prescribed at the time of hospital discharge after transplantation])

Gonzalez-Posada 2006 [24]

All-cause mortality

Death censored graft loss

1.55 (1.05, 2.27)

1.02 (0.71, 1.48)

NR

Kasiske 2003 [25]

All-cause mortality

1.87 (1.60, 2.18)

Age, race, ethnicity, donor gender, HLA mismatch, obesity, hepatitis C, education, immunosuppression, cause of disease, transplant year, donor source (living vs. cadaver), preemptive transplantation, gender, employability, donor age, donor race, cold ischemia time, panel reactive antibody status, and other immunosuppressive agents

Cosio 2002 [26]

All-cause mortality

1.88 (1.07, 3.30)

Age, gender; serum albumin, weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure

  1. NR not reported, HLA Human leukocyte antigens