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Table 2 Prevalence and prevalence ratio of insulin resistance according to sociodemographic, reproductive, behavioral and nutritional characteristics, Porto Velho and Porto Alegre, 2013/2014 (n = 889)

From: Insulin resistance and associated factors in female adolescents from two capital cities in the north and south of Brazil

Characteristics

HOMA-IR ≥ 3.16

Porto Velho

Porto Alegre

% (CI)

PR (CI)

PR p value

% (CI)

PR (CI)

PR p value

Sociodemographic characteristics

 Chronological age

  12–13 years

25.26 (13.64–41.97)

1

1

32.2 (21.98–44.47)

1

1

  14 years

16.7 (7.66–32.65)

0.66 (0.31–1.41)

0.263

21.12 (12.65–33.11)

0.65 (0.36–1.16)

0.144

  15–17 years

12.95 (7.87–20.58)

0.51 (0.28–0.92)

0.028

18.84 (12.96–26.57)

0.58 (0.35–0.95)

0.035

 Ethnicity

  White

18.34 (9.89–31.48)

1

1

17.48 (11.89–24.95)

1

1

  Black

14.54 (1.98–58.84)

0.80 (0.11–5.71)

0.818

45.49 (27.33–64.94)

2.59 (1.36–4.94)

0.005

  Other

18.97 (11.54–29.59)

1.03 (0.59–1.77)

0.906

29.77 (21.57–39.52)

1.69 (1.03–2.79)

0.038

 Economic class

  A

14.96 (4.59–39.15)

1

1

16.55 (6.44–36.33)

1

1

  B

19.64 (13.71–27.33)

1.22 (0.26–5.55)

0.781

27.19 (21.11–34.26)

1.63 (0.55–4.83)

0.357

  C/D

17.22 (7.22–35.75)

1.05 (0.17–6.57)

0.949

23.49 (13.13–38.42)

1.42 (0.38–5.19)

0.580

Reproductive characteristics

 Age at menarche

  9–12 years

19.91 (12.26–30.65)

1.59 (0.75–3.36)

0.207

23.39 (17.94–29.9)

1.02 (0.62–1.67)

0.921

  13–16 years

12.54 (5.61–25.68)

1

1

22.84 (13.94–35.1)

1

1

 Time of menarche

  < 2 years

28.31 (13.43–50.14)

1

1

34.96 (25.11–46.29)

1

1

  ≥ 2 years

13.34 (8.73–19.85)

0.46 (0.24–0.90)

0.027

19.28 (13.99–25.98)

0.55 (0.35–0.84)

0.008

Behavioral characteristics

 Smoking

  Yes

29.76 (13.69–53.09)

1.89 (0.79–4.48)

0.136

20.1 (13.67–28.67)

0.81 (0.48–1.35)

0.414

  No

15.76 (8.99–26.16)

1

1

24.64 (17.69–33.23)

1

1

 Alcohol

  Yes

23.11 (14.61–34.54)

1.48 (0.90–2.43)

0.110

21.76 (16.09–28.75)

0.67 (0.42–1.07)

0.097

  No

15.47 (8.96–25.4)

1

1

31.89 (20.68–45.68)

1

1

 Screen hours

  < 2 h/day

24.46 (15.14–36.76)

1

1

19.48 (11.87–30.31)

1

1

  ≥ 2 h/day

18.26 (12.67–25.6)

0.75 (0.43–1.32)

0.313

25.38 (18.9–33.17)

1.29 (0.71–2.37)

0.378

 Physical activity

  Active

18.5 (11.48–28.42)

1

1

21.47 (15.48–29)

1

1

  Inactive

17.55 (9.81–29.39)

1.05 (0.56–1.93)

0.865

22.02 (15.21–30.78)

0.97 (0.61–1.56)

0.928

Nutritional status

 Nutritional status (%)

  Low weight and normal weight

9.48 (4.51–18.84)

1

1

18.84 (13.76–25.26)

1

1

  Overweight/obesity

48 (37.28–58.82)

5.04 (2.53–10.05)

< 0.001

31.77 (24.81–39.66)

1.68 (1.26–2.24)

0.001

 Waist circumference

  Normal

12.47 (6.87–21.56)

1

1

20.05 (15.22–25.94)

1

1

  Elevated

61.21 (42.81–76.89)

4.90 (2.53–9.48)

< 0.001

40.69 (27.41–55.48)

2.02 (1.37–2.99)

0.001

  1. Chi-square test 95% CI. Robust Poisson regression p value < 0.05; Time since menarche < 2 years since the occurrence of menarche, and ≥ 2 years since the occurrence of menarche; Ethnicity: white, black and other (indigenous, mixed and yellow). Smoking: yes = already experimented; Alcohol: yes = already experimented; Physical activity: inactive = 0 to 300 min/wk.; Screen hours: not recommended = more than 2 h/day Nutritional status classification according to BMI-for-age z-score (WHO, [49]); Waist circumference (IDF, [48]); HOMA-IR ≥ 3.16 (I Diretriz de prevenção da aterosclerose na infância e adolescência, [50])
  2. Statistically significant prevalence ratios are in bold (p < 0.05)
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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