Table.1 Characteristics of people with diabetes included in the study
From: Association of diabetes and obesity with sperm parameters and testosterone levels: a meta-analysis
Study | Type of study | Duration of the disease | Type of diabetes | Inclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Imani et al., (2020) | Case–control | – | Type 2 | Men with type diabetes and healthy controls |
Lu et al., (2017) | Case–control | 33.29 (20–46) months | – | Men with diabetes and healthy controls |
Ghasemi et al., (2016) | Case–control | > 5 years | Type 1, n = 15 Type 2, n = 10 | Men with diabetes and healthy controls |
Bhattacharya et al., (2014) | Case–control | – | – | Men without history of epididymo-orchitis; hernia/hydrocoele or history of surgery; chemotherapy for any malignancy; varicocoele, testicular growth, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and primary spermatogenic defects |
Singh et al., (2014) | Case–control | – | Type 2 | Men with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls |
Verit et al., (2014) | Case–control | – | Insulin resistance | The patients over 40 years, with known erectile dysfunction, chronic/hereditary disease (including prostatitis, hypertension, dyslipidemia needing medical care), malignancy, and smokers, alcohol drinkers, drug abusers, azoospermics and patients who had varicocele were excluded |
Rama Raju et al., (2012) | Case–control | 3.95 ± 3.07 years | Type 2 | Inclusion criteria for the diabetic group included patients with value of HbA1c≥7.0 % and those with a value of ≤5.7 % were included in the nondiabetic group Patients with a history of drug or alcohol abuse, heavy cigarette smoking, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and leukocytospermia were excluded from the study Patients who underwent assisted reproductive procedures involving cryopreserved and testicular extracted sperm samples were also excluded from the study |
Karimi et al., (2012) | Case–control | >5 years | Type 1, n = 17 Type 2, n = 15 | Men with diabetes and healthy controls |
Agbaje et al., (2007) | Case–control | – | Type 1 | Men with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls |
Baccetti et al., (2002) | Case–control | 11.3 ± 8.0 years | Type 1 | Men with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism were excluded No patients had signs of neuropathy or were impotent Men with diabetes free of renal disease, haemochromatosis, or any medication other than insulin were selected Exclusion criteria were history of drug or alcohol abuse, ongoing medical treatment with anabolic steroids and gonadotrophins, heavy smoking habit (10> cigarettes/day), hypertension, leukocytospermia, varicocele and unilateral testicular atrophy |
Ali et al., (1993) | Case–control | Mean 11.2 years | Type 1, n = 100 Type 2, n = 314 | Men with insulin-dependent (IDDM) diabetes and age-matched nondiabetic controls men with non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetes and age-matched nondiabetic controls All the people with diabetes were otherwise healthy with variable diabetic complications and no other medical diseases |
GarcÃa-DÃezet al., (1991) | Case–control | – | Type 1 | Men with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls |
Murray et al., (1988) | Case–control | 14.9 ± 3.3 years | Type 1 | People with diabetes were drawn from a population with a recent history of stable glycemic control. One subject also had Addison’s disease. Two patients with diabetes had background retinopathy, one had proliferative retinopathy, and three patients had mild peripheral neuropathy restricted to the feet. One patient had proteinuria greater than 2 g/24 hrs but a normal serum creatinin |
Padrón et al., (1984) | Case–control | 11.6 (2-21) years | Type 1 | Adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls |