Table 1 Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of MINOCA patients based on glucometabolic status
Normoglycemia (n = 572) | Prediabetes (n = 371) | Diabetes (n = 236) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male, n(%) | 437 (76.3%) | 269 (72.5%) | 161 (68.2%) | < 0.001 |
Age, yrs | 53.0 ± 12.2 | 57.9 ± 9.8 | 58.2 ± 11.4 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 26.4 ± 4.2 | 0.007 |
STEMI, n(%) | 235 (41.0%) | 149 (40.1%) | 91 (38.5%) | 0.800 |
Emergent CAG, n(%) | 79 (13.8%) | 44 (11.8%) | 36 (15.2%) | 0.503 |
Vital signs at admission | ||||
Systolic BP, mmHg | 124.3 ± 17.5 | 124.4 ± 17.2 | 129.1 ± 17.7 | 0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 75.4 ± 11.0 | 76.4 ± 11.8 | 78.1 ± 12.5 | 0.022 |
Heart rate, bpm | 69.1 ± 10.2 | 69.2 ± 11.7 | 70.5 ± 11.2 | 0.209 |
Medical history, n(%) | ||||
Hypertension | 272 (47.5%) | 202 (54.4%) | 156 (66.1%) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 316 (55.2%) | 217 (58.4%) | 153 (64.8%) | 0.001 |
Previous MI | 22 (3.8%) | 21 (5.6%) | 15 (6.3%) | 0.252 |
Killip class ≥ 2, n(%) | 38 (6.6%) | 30 (8.0%) | 21 (8.8%) | 0.189 |
LVEF, % | 61.1 ± 7.0 | 60.3 ± 7.6 | 59.3 ± 8.1 | 0.007 |
Laboratory data | ||||
FBG, mmol/L | 4.98 ± 0.53 | 5.40 ± 0.68 | 7.93 ± 2.59 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 5.40 ± 0.24 | 6.00 ± 0.19 | 7.38 ± 1.38 | < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.39 (1.03, 1.95) | 1.41 (1.05, 1.90) | 1.70 (1.16, 2.33) | 0.001 |
TC, mmol/L | 3.83 ± 0.90 | 3.89 ± 0.84 | 4.12 ± 1.02 | 0.018 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.25 ± 0.63 | 2.28 ± 0.68 | 2.46 ± 0.85 | 0.033 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.11 ± 0.34 | 1.08 ± 0.29 | 1.04 ± 0.27 | 0.042 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 80.2 ± 17.3 | 79.3 ± 14.1 | 81.0 ± 23.5 | 0.484 |
NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 312 (108, 652) | 353 (117, 694) | 453 (121, 786) | 0.012 |
TnI, ng/mL | 1.42 (0.32, 4.13) | 1.47 (0.43, 3.92) | 1.55 (0.54, 4.62) | 0.113 |
hs-CRP, mg/L | 2.12 (0.95, 5.50) | 2.21 (1.07, 5.44) | 2.22 (1.06, 7.12) | 0.217 |
In-hospital medication | ||||
DAPT | 534 (92.8%) | 342 (90.8%) | 215 (93.8%) | 0.515 |
Statin | 544 (95.6%) | 356 (94.6%) | 230 (97.2%) | 0.311 |
ACEI or ARB | 347 (62.7%) | 242 (63.4%) | 170 (66.9%) | 0.008 |
Beta-blocker | 400 (71.1%) | 276 (73.8%) | 184 (73.7%) | 0.049 |
CV outcomes | ||||
MACE | 62 (10.8%) | 60 (16.1%) | 46 (19.4%) | 0.003 |
Death, nonfatal MI, stroke or revascularization | 34 (5.9%) | 37 (9.9%) | 31 (13.1%) | 0.005 |
All-cause death | 6 (1.0%) | 7 (1.8%) | 5 (2.1%) | 0.423 |
Nonfatal MI | 16 (2.7%) | 15 (4.0%) | 10 (4.2%) | 0.455 |
Revascularization | 14 (2.4%) | 16 (4.3%) | 16 (6.7%) | 0.014 |
Nonfatal stroke | 3 (0.5%) | 5 (1.3%) | 4 (1.6%) | 0.240 |
Hospitalization for UA | 23 (4.0%) | 26 (7.0%) | 22 (9.3%) | 0.010 |
Hospitalization for HF | 19 (3.3%) | 17 (4.5%) | 12 (5.0%) | 0.347 |