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Fig. 2 | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Fig. 2

From: Exercise prevents HFD-induced insulin resistance risk: involvement of TNF-α level regulated by vagus nerve-related anti-inflammatory pathway in the spleen

Fig. 2

Exercise increases anti-inflammatory activity in the spleen and reduces systemic TNF-α levels in HFD-fed mice. Male C57Bl/6J mice were subjected to medium-intensity treadmill exercise or no exercise during HFD feeding. After glucose and insulin tolerance tests, blood samples and the spleen tissue were taken. Acetylcholine level, choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT), protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level were analyzed. A Acetylcholine level in the spleen. B ChAT activity in the spleen. C PKC activity in the spleen. D TNF-α level in the spleen. E TNF-α level in the system. Values are mean ± SD. n = 8 each group, * p < 0.05

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