No Diabetes | With Diabetes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No-SCD | SCD | P-value* | No-SCD | SCD | P-value* | |
Number of participants (Men) | 8945 (3930) | 144 (110) | 1099 (456) | 86 (47) | ||
Continuous variables, Mean (SD) | ||||||
Age (year) | 40.7 (13.7) | 58.5 (14.0) | < 0.001 | 55.0 (11.5) | 61.8 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 (4.7) | 26.9 (4.7) | 0.575 | 28.9 (4.6) | 28.2 (5.1) | 0.167 |
WC (cm) | 87.6 (12.0) | 92.5 (11.5) | < 0.001 | 96.6 (10.8) | 97.6 (11.6) | 0.408 |
WHR | 0.87 (0.09) | 0.94 (0.07) | < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.08) | 0.98 (0.08) | < 0.001 |
WHtR | 0.54 (0.08) | 0.57 (0.08) | < 0.001 | 0.61 (0.08) | 0.61 (0.07) | 0.733 |
HC (cm) | 100.7 (9.4) | 98.3 (9.4) | 0.003 | 102.8 (9.8) | 99.5 (9.6) | 0.002 |
SBP (mmHg) | 117.0 (17.4) | 130.6 (25.1) | < 0.001 | 133.7 (22.5) | 143.3 (25.9) | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.6 (10.7) | 80.7 (14.2) | 0.001 | 82.2 (11.5) | 83.9 (13.4) | 0.255 |
Pulse rate (beat/minute) | 79.0 (11.4) | 76.3 (13.4) | 0.016 | 80.0 (12.0) | 80.0 (12.6) | 0.921 |
FPG (mmol/L)⁑ | 5.0 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.5) | 0.011 | 8.9 (3.3) | 10.6 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)⁑ | 5.2 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.2) | < 0.001 | 6.0 (1.3) | 6.2 (1.2) | 0.253 |
Categorical variables, number (%) | ||||||
Current smoker | 1466 (16.4) | 41 (28.5) | < 0.001 | 137 (12.5) | 17 (19.8) | 0.052 |
Education level | < 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
Illiterate/primary school | 2624 (29.3) | 86 (89.7) | 666 (60.6) | |||
Below diploma/diploma | 4979 (55.7) | 50 (34.7) | 364 (33.1) | 11 (12.8) | ||
Above diploma | 1342 (15) | 8 (5.6) | 69 (6.3) | 7 (8.1) | ||
Low physical activity, yes | 6062 (67.8) | 109 (75.7) | 0.043 | 772 (70.2) | 66 (76.7) | 0.202 |
Family history of premature CVD, yes | 1359 (15.2) | 30 (20.8) | 0.062 | 222 (20.2) | 8 (9.3) | 0.014 |
Prevalent CVD at baseline, yes | 287 (3.2) | 22 (15.3) | < 0.001 | 142 (12.9) | 20 (23.3) | 0.007 |
Lipid-lowering medication, yes | 194 (2.2) | 7 (4.9) | 0.029 | 125 (11.4) | 8 (9.3) | 0.558 |
Antihypertensive medication, yes | 470 (5.3) | 34 (23.6) | < 0.001 | 247 (22.5) | 26 (30.2) | < 0.001 |