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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the participants, stratified by outcome occurrence (Sudden cardiac death: SCD) during follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Iran, 1999–2018

From: Anthropometric indices and the risk of incident sudden cardiac death among adults with and without diabetes: over 15 years of follow-up in The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

 

No Diabetes

With Diabetes

No-SCD

SCD

P-value*

No-SCD

SCD

P-value*

Number of participants (Men)

8945 (3930)

144 (110)

 

1099 (456)

86 (47)

 

Continuous variables, Mean (SD)

 Age (year)

40.7 (13.7)

58.5 (14.0)

 < 0.001

55.0 (11.5)

61.8 (8.7)

 < 0.001

 BMI (kg/m2)

26.6 (4.7)

26.9 (4.7)

0.575

28.9 (4.6)

28.2 (5.1)

0.167

 WC (cm)

87.6 (12.0)

92.5 (11.5)

 < 0.001

96.6 (10.8)

97.6 (11.6)

0.408

 WHR

0.87 (0.09)

0.94 (0.07)

 < 0.001

0.94 (0.08)

0.98 (0.08)

 < 0.001

 WHtR

0.54 (0.08)

0.57 (0.08)

 < 0.001

0.61 (0.08)

0.61 (0.07)

0.733

 HC (cm)

100.7 (9.4)

98.3 (9.4)

0.003

102.8 (9.8)

99.5 (9.6)

0.002

 SBP (mmHg)

117.0 (17.4)

130.6 (25.1)

 < 0.001

133.7 (22.5)

143.3 (25.9)

 < 0.001

 DBP (mmHg)

76.6 (10.7)

80.7 (14.2)

0.001

82.2 (11.5)

83.9 (13.4)

0.255

 Pulse rate (beat/minute)

79.0 (11.4)

76.3 (13.4)

0.016

80.0 (12.0)

80.0 (12.6)

0.921

 FPG (mmol/L)⁑

5.0 (0.5)

5.1 (0.5)

0.011

8.9 (3.3)

10.6 (3.8)

 < 0.001

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)⁑

5.2 (1.2)

5.6 (1.2)

 < 0.001

6.0 (1.3)

6.2 (1.2)

0.253

Categorical variables, number (%)

 Current smoker

1466 (16.4)

41 (28.5)

 < 0.001

137 (12.5)

17 (19.8)

0.052

 Education level

  

 < 0.001

  

0.001

  Illiterate/primary school

2624 (29.3)

86 (89.7)

 

666 (60.6)

  

  Below diploma/diploma

4979 (55.7)

50 (34.7)

 

364 (33.1)

11 (12.8)

 

  Above diploma

1342 (15)

8 (5.6)

 

69 (6.3)

7 (8.1)

 

 Low physical activity, yes

6062 (67.8)

109 (75.7)

0.043

772 (70.2)

66 (76.7)

0.202

 Family history of premature CVD, yes

1359 (15.2)

30 (20.8)

0.062

222 (20.2)

8 (9.3)

0.014

 Prevalent CVD at baseline, yes

287 (3.2)

22 (15.3)

 < 0.001

142 (12.9)

20 (23.3)

0.007

 Lipid-lowering medication, yes

194 (2.2)

7 (4.9)

0.029

125 (11.4)

8 (9.3)

0.558

 Antihypertensive medication, yes

470 (5.3)

34 (23.6)

 < 0.001

247 (22.5)

26 (30.2)

 < 0.001

  1. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, HC hip circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, CVD cardiovascular disease
  2. Values are shown as Mean (standard deviation: SD) and number (%) for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
  3. *The comparison P-value between groups was calculated using Student’s two-tailed t-test for continues variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables
  4. ⁑Conversion factors from mmol/L to mg/dL were 18.02 for FPG and 38.67 for total cholesterol