Anthropometric indices and the risk of incident sudden cardiac death among adults with and without diabetes: over 15 years of follow-up in The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Iran, 1999–2018

Number of participants (men)	No diabetes	With diabetes	P-value*
Number of participants (men)	9089 (4040)	1185 (503)	P-value*
Continuous variables, Mean (SD)
Age (year)	41.0 (13.9)	55.5 (11.5)	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	26.6 (4.7)	28.9 (4.6)	< 0.001
WC (cm)	87.7 (12.0)	96.6 (10.9)	< 0.001
WHR	0.87 (0.09)	0.94 (0.08)	< 0.001
WHtR	0.54 (0.08)	0.61 (0.08)	< 0.001
HC (cm)	100.6 (9.4)	102.6 (9.8)	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	117.2 (17.7)	134.4 (22.9)	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	76.6 (10.8)	82.3 (11.7)	< 0.001
Pulse rate (beat/ minute)	79.0 (11.4)	80.0 (12.1)	0.004
FPG (mmol/L)⁑	5.0 (0.5)	9.1 (3.4)	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)⁑	5.2 (1.2)	6.0 (1.3)	< 0.001
Categorical variables, number (%)
Current smoker	1507 (16.6)	154 (13.0)	0.002
Education level			< 0.001
Illiterate/primary school	2710 (29.8)
Below diploma/diploma	5029 (55.3)	374 (31.6)
Above diploma	1350 (14.9)	76 (6.4)
Low physical activity, yes	6171 (67.9)	838 (70.7)	0.050
Family history of premature CVD, yes	1389 (15.3)	230 (19.4)	< 0.001
Prevalent CVD at baseline, yes	309 (3.4)	162 (13.7)	< 0.001
Lipid-lowering medication, yes	201 (2.2)	133 (11.2)	< 0.001
Antihypertensive medication, yes	504 (5.5)	273 (23)	< 0.001

BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, HC hip circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, CVD cardiovascular disease
Values are shown as Mean (standard deviation: SD) and number (%) for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
*The comparison P-value between two groups was calculated using Student’s two-tailed t-test for continues variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables
⁑Conversion factors from mmol/L to mg/dL were 18.02 for FPG and 38.67 for total cholesterol

ISSN: 1758-5996