Parameters | Participants | p-value* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 237) | CSII (n = 74) | ICT (n = 163) | ||
Women n (%) | 116 (48.9) | 47 (63.5) | 69 (42.3) | 0.003 |
Age (years) | 54.6 ± 16.2 | 51.1 ± 15.8 | 56.2 ± 16.2 | 0.023 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 25.9 ± 13.8 | 28.7 ± 12.4 | 24.6 ± 14.3 | 0.033 |
Duration of pump therapy (years) | – | 14.1 ± 7.2 | – | n/a |
Body weight (kg) | 81.1 ± 17.4 | 79.4 ± 17.6 | 81.9 ± 17.4 | 0.319 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 5.2 | 27.6 ± 4.8 | 27.9 ± 5.4 | 0.690 |
HbA1c, DCCT adjusted | ||||
% | 7.2 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 0.8 | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 0.353 |
mmol/mol | 55.3 ± 10.3 | 54.4 ± 9.1 | 55.7 ± 10.9 | 0.353 |
Insulin dosage | ||||
Total (IU/day) | 52.6 ± 34.9 | 44.6 ± 22.5 | 56.2 ± 38.8 | 0.004 |
Total (IU/kg) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.004 |
Basal (IU/day) | 23.5 ± 16.9 | 21.9 ± 13.1 | 24.1 ± 18.4 | 0.289 |
Basal (IU/kg) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.591 |
Number of insulin injections per day | – | – | 5.1 ± 1.2 | n/a |
Type of short-acting insulin, n (%) | ||||
Analogue | 146 (61.6) | 67 (90.5) | 79 (48.5) | < 0.001 |
Human | 91 (38.4) | 7 (9.5) | 84 (51.5) | |
Type of basal insulin, n (%) | ||||
Analogue | – | – | 88 (55.7) | n/a |
Human | – | – | 70 (44.3) a | |
Number of people with, n (%) | ||||
SMBG | 148 (62.4) | 37 (50.0) | 111 (68.1) | 0.009 |
CGM/FGM | 89 (37.6) | 37 (50.0) | 52 (31.9) | 0.009 |
Impaired hypoglycaemia awareness, n (%) | 57 (27.0) | 21 (28.4) | 36 (22.1) | 0.623 |
Gold score (range 1–7) | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 0.514 |
Frequency of non-severe hypoglycaemia per week | ||||
In people with SMBG | 1.4 ± 1.7 | 1.9 ± 1.7 | 1.2 ± 1.6 | 0.014 |
In people with CGM/FGM | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 3.3 ± 2.2 | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 0.006 |
Severe hypoglycaemia past 12 months | ||||
Frequency | 0.03 ± 0.18 | 0.03 ± 0.16 | 0.04 ± 0.19 | 0.701 |
Number of events (people with an event) | 8 (8) | 2 (2) | 6 (6) | 1.000 |
Ketoacidosis past 12 months | ||||
Frequency | 0.01 ± 0.09 | 0 | 0.01 ± 0.11 | 0.341 |
Number of events (people with an event) | 2 (2) | 0 | 2 (2) | 1.000 |
Blood pressure | ||||
Systolic (mmHg) | 142.1 ± 17.0 | 138.0 ± 16.4 | 143.9 ± 17.1 | 0.014 |
Diastolic (mmHg) | 81.5 ± 11.9 | 81.2 ± 8.3 | 81.7 ± 13.2 | 0.711 |
Pulse (bpm) | 75.0 ± 13.1 | 75.4 ± 12.0 | 74.8 ± 13.6 | 0.741 |
Polyneuropathy, n (%) | 76 (32.1) | 14 (18.9) | 62 (38.0) | 0.004 |
Amputation minor/major, n (%) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (0.6) | 0.428 |
Impaired kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min), n (%) | 41 (17.4) | 11 (14.9) | 30 (18.4) | 0.580 |
Albumin (mg/l) | 52.5 ± 222.0 | 23.8 ± 45.6 | 65.7 ± 265.6 | 0.055 |
Nephropathy (albumin/g creatinine > 20 mg/g), n (%) | 106 (44.7) | 32 (43.2) | 74 (45.4) | 0.777 |
Dialysis, n (%) | 3 (1.3) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (1.2) | 1.000 |
Living alone, n (%) | 44 (19.0) | 11 (14.9) | 33 (20.2) | 0.479 |
Smoker, n (%) | 41 (17.3) | 12 (16.2) | 29 (17.8) | 0.854 |
Social status (range 3–21) | 12.7 ± 4.0 | 13.5 ± 4.1 | 12.3 ± 3.9 | 0.067 |
DTSQs score (range 0–36) | 26.2 ± 6.9 | 26.7 ± 7.3 | 26.0 ± 6.8 | 0.600 |
Wellbeing-5-Index (range 0–25) | 17.0 ± 3.9 | 16.7 ± 4.0 | 17.2 ± 3.9 | 0.409 |