Table 4 Clinical characteristics of patients that received pre-hospital metformin therapy and risk of death and orotracheal Intubation

Gender

 Female

26 (36.1%)

44 (62.9%)

0.8

 Male

46 (39.9%)

72 (61.0%)

Age

68.62 ± 17.27

62.09 ± 15.13

0.006

Age class (years)

 29–59

21 (29.2%)

51 (44%)

  ≥ 60

51 (70.8%)

65 (56%)

0.042

Clinical outcome

 Mortality

13 (18.1%)

6 (5.2%)

0.004

 Mortality by gender

 Female

6 (23.1%)

2 (4.5%)

 Male

7 (15.2%)

4 (5.6%)

1

Comorbidities

 Obesity

15 (20.8%)

16 (13.8%)

0.206

 Cardiopathy

24 (33.3%)

17 (25.3%)

0.003

 Hypertension

55 (76.4%)

70 (60.3%)

0.023

 COPD/pneumonia

11 (15.3%)

6 (5.17%)

0.019

 Smoking/former smoking

6 (8.3%)

9 (7.8%)

0.888

 Neurological disease

9 (12.5%)

4 (3.4%)

0.017

 CKD

8 (11.1%)

3 (2.6%)

0.015

 Thyroid

10 (13.9%)

14 (12.1%)

0.716

 Dyslipidemia

31 (43.1%)

39 (33.6%)

0.193

 Neoplasia/immuno

3 (4.2%)

9 (7.8%)

0.327

 Asthma

2 (2.8%)

2 (1.7%)

0.638

 BMI

29.49 ± 4.96

29.203 ± 5.38

0.714

In-hospital Clinical characteristics

 NEWS

4.25 ± 3.43

2.45 ± 2.51

0.001

 Time of stay in ICU

4 (0–58)

1 (0–94)

0.157

 Time of stay in nursery

6 (0–58)

7 (9–28)

0.285

 Total hospitalization time

11 (2–72)

10 (2–100)

0.119

 Time of MV

0 (0–50)

0 (0–63)

0.168

 In-hospital metformin therapy

18 (25%)

97 (83.6%)

0.000

 In-hospital max dose of metformin

1158.33 ± 403.75

1265.98 ± 605.77

0.349

 In-hospital time of metformin therapy

6 (1–22)

6 (1–56)

0.554

 Pre-hospital metformin therapy

0

116

–

 Pre-hospital metformin daily dose

–

1144.71 ± 622.55

–

 In-hospital insulin therapy

25 (34.7%)

36 (31.0%)

0.600

 In-hospital time of insulin therapy

7 (1–55)

5 (1–98)

0.844

 Orotracheal intubation

22 (30.6%)

23 (20.5%)

0.123

 Prisma

10 (13.9%)

5 (4.5%)

0.023

 Prone

4 (5.6%)

3 (2.7%)

0.312

 Vasoactive drugs

21 (29.2%)

16 (14.3%)

0.014

 CLHO/HCQ

10 (13.9%)

5 (4.5%)

0.023

 Dexamethasone/prednisolone

67 (93.1%)

102 (87.9%)

0.257