Arterial stiffness and progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with type 2 diabetes and matched controls: a 5-year cohort study

Table 3 Pulse wave velocity and white matter hyperintensity progression

Linear regression
	All (n = 104)	p	DM (n = 45)	p	Controls (n = 59)	p
% change in cWMH volume per 1 m/s increase in PWV (95% CI)s
Crude	34 (20–51)	< 0.01	32 (12–56)	< 0.01	48 (8–102)	< 0.05
Adjusted^a	16 (1–32)	< 0.05	18 (− 5 to 47)	0.13	31 (− 8 to 87)	0.13
% change cWMH volume if PWV > 8.94 m/s
Crude	208 (73–451)	< 0.01	214 (57–526)	< 0.01	218 (18–756)	< 0.05
Adjusted^a	92 (2–263)	< 0.05	88 (− 20 to 339)	0.14	161 (− 5 to 618)	0.06

cWMH white matter hyperintensities corrected for intracranial volume; PWV pulse wave velocity
^aAdjusted model: age, sex, diabetes status (yes/no), baseline pulse pressure and smoking status (no smoking or current/former smoking). In separate group analysis, diabetes status was omitted

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