Table 1 Descriptive statistics—sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes outcomes, and scale results

23.69

16.99

24.49

0.0085*

76.31

83.02

75.51

61.64

40.25

32.55

 < 0.0001*

0.2296

38.36

59.75

67.45

14.23

26.42

43.87

 < 0.0001*

0.2970

12.23

0.00

6.60

38.50

46.54

30.66

35.04

27.04

18.87

19.00

3.77

9.43

 < 0.0001*

0.4730

24.11

92.24

90.57

56.69

3.98

0.00

45.00

27.00

28.87

11.81

29.00

11.00

 < 0.0001†

25.00

15.00

14.00

14.00

11.00

7.00

 < 0.0001†

6.97

1.10

7.94

1.75

7.47

1.69

 < 0.0001†

69.64

18.05

51.95

26.59

51.73

26.22

 < 0.0001†

73.59

47.17

39.15

 < 0.0001*

0.2942

26.41

52.83

60.85

86.60

69.18

42.92

 < 0.0001*

0.3437

13.40

30.82

57.08

3.22

1.00

3.13

1.16

3.17

1.03

 < 0.0001†

1.65

0.64

2.05

1.03

2.72

1.07

 < 0.0001†

2.21

0.92

2.97

0.95

3.29

0.72

 < 0.0001†

2.31

0.66

2.64

0.85

3.01

0.81

 < 0.0001†

3.22

1.00

3.13

1.16

3.17

1.03

 < 0.0001†

28.84

32.29

19.34

 < 0.0001†

0.2390

48.59

36.90

30.66

19.20

30.80

22.17

3.37

8.16

27.83