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Table 5 Results of multiple regression analysis with IR parameters as dependent variables and biomarkers as explanatory variables

From: The immune-opioid axis in prediabetes: predicting prediabetes with insulin resistance by plasma interleukin-10 and endomorphin-2 to kappa-opioid receptors ratio

Dependent variables

Explanatory variables

β

t

p

F model

df

p

R2

1. FPG

Model

   

3.142

7/82

0.005

0.211

IL-10

0.279

2.661

0.009

zLnKOR

0.374

2.625

0.010

zLn(EM2/KOR)

0.302

2.537

0.130

2. Insulin

Model

   

4.669

7/82

< 0.001

0.224

IL-10

0.397

3.973

< 0.001

zLnKOR

0.339

2.498

0.015

zLn(EM2/KOR)

0.271

2.393

0.019

3. I/G

Model

   

2.907

7/82

0.009

0.130

IL-10

0.322

3.041

0.003

4. HbA1c

Model

   

6.200

7/82

< 0.001

0.290

IL-10

0.318

3.333

0.001

zLnKOR

0.386

2.977

0.004

zLn(EM2/KOR)

0.356

3.284

0.002

5. HOMA2IR

Model

   

4.809

7/82

< 0.001

0.293

IL-10

0.401

4.029

< 0.001

zLnKOR

0.355

2.624

0.010

zLn(EM2/KOR)

0.280

2.485

0.015

6. HOMA2%S

Model

   

4.836

7/82

< 0.001

0.297

IL-10

− 0.348

− 3.497

0.001

zLnKOR

− 0.371

− 2.749

0.007

zLn(EM2/KOR)

− 0.290

− 2.577

0.012

  1. zLn: z-score of the natural logarithm, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, IL: interleukin; KOR: κ-opioid receptor; MOR: µopioid receptor; EM2: Endomorphin-2; βEP: β-endorphin; HOMA2IR: homeostasis model assessment 2 of insulin resistance, HOMA2%S: homeostasis model assessment 2 of insulin sensitivity percentage; HOMA2%B: homeostasis model assessment 2 of beta-cell function percentage