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Table 3 Model-generated estimated marginal means values (SE) of the biomarkers in prediabetes (versus healthy controls) and prediabetes−IR versus prediabetes+IR and healthy controls

From: The immune-opioid axis in prediabetes: predicting prediabetes with insulin resistance by plasma interleukin-10 and endomorphin-2 to kappa-opioid receptors ratio

Biomarkers

ControlA

Prediabetes-IRB

Prediabetes+IRC

IL-10

7.981 (1.062)B,C

11.461 (1.026)A

14.082 (1.026)A

zLn βEP

12.146 (2.308)B,C

23.652 (2.230)A

20.638 (2.230)A

zLn (βEP/MOR)

5.362 (0.677)

5.976 (0.654)

5.572 (0.654)

zLn IL-6

0.314 (− 0.187)

0.157 (0.180)

0.194 (0.180)

zLnMOR

0.431 (− 0.180)B,C

0.194 (0.174)A

0.149 (0.174)A

zLnEM2

0.518 (− 0.180)B,C

0.163 (0.174)A

0.338 (0.174)A

zLnKOR

0.362 (− 0.186)

0.213 (0.180)

0.140 (0.180)

zLn (EM2/KOR)

0.158 (− 0.191)

0.038 (− 0.185)

0.188 (0.185)

  1. A,B,C Pairwise comparisons between group means
  2. zLn: z-score of the natural logarithm, IL: interleukin; KOR: κ-opioid receptor; MOR: µopioid receptor; EM2: Endomorphin-2; βEP: β-endorphin