The immune-opioid axis in prediabetes: predicting prediabetes with insulin resistance by plasma interleukin-10 and endomorphin-2 to kappa-opioid receptors ratio

Table 3 Model-generated estimated marginal means values (SE) of the biomarkers in prediabetes (versus healthy controls) and prediabetes−IR versus prediabetes+IR and healthy controls

Biomarkers	Control^A	Prediabetes-IR^B	Prediabetes+IR^C
IL-10	7.981 (1.062)^B,C	11.461 (1.026)^A	14.082 (1.026)^A
zLn βEP	12.146 (2.308)^B,C	23.652 (2.230)^A	20.638 (2.230)^A
zLn (βEP/MOR)	5.362 (0.677)	5.976 (0.654)	5.572 (0.654)
zLn IL-6	0.314 (− 0.187)	0.157 (0.180)	0.194 (0.180)
zLnMOR	0.431 (− 0.180)^B,C	0.194 (0.174)^A	0.149 (0.174)^A
zLnEM2	0.518 (− 0.180)^B,C	0.163 (0.174)^A	0.338 (0.174)^A
zLnKOR	0.362 (− 0.186)	0.213 (0.180)	0.140 (0.180)
zLn (EM2/KOR)	0.158 (− 0.191)	0.038 (− 0.185)	0.188 (0.185)

^A,B,C Pairwise comparisons between group means
zLn: z-score of the natural logarithm, IL: interleukin; KOR: κ-opioid receptor; MOR: µopioid receptor; EM2: Endomorphin-2; βEP: β-endorphin

ISSN: 1758-5996