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Table 1 Clinical and biological characteristics at all time points in surgical arm versus medical arm

From: Gut microbiota changes after metabolic surgery in adult diabetic patients with mild obesity: a randomised controlled trial

 

Baseline

Month 1

Month 3

Month 6

Month 12

Surgical arm N=8

Medical arm N=10

p

q

Surgical arm N=8

Medical arm N=10

p

q

Surgical arm N=8

Medical arm N=10

p

q

Surgical arm N=8

Medical arm N=10

p

q

Surgical arm N=8

Medical arm N=10

p

q

Age (years)

53.4 (8.78)

58.2 (4.73)

0.191

0.48

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Female (%)

4 (50)

3 (30)

0.630

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Diabetes duration (years)

8.12 (4.73)

10.0 (4.42)

0.404

0.620

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Weight (Kg)

92.5 (7.65)

83.9 (9.10)

0.046

0.220

82.6 (4.44)

81.2 (8.82)

0.677

0.860

76.0 (5.77)

79.3 (8.56)

0.358

0.570

71.0 (8.64)

79.5 (8.93)

0.058

0.084

69.2 (11.8)

79.7 (9.07)

0.058

0.096

BMI (%)

33.6 (1.84)

32.0 (1.56)

0.069

0.230

30.9 (3.74)

31.1 (1.78)

0.946

0.950

27.7 (1.36)

30.3 (2.07)

0.005

0.048

25.7 (1.51)

30.4 (2.38)

<0.001

0.0012

24.6 (2.87)

30.5 (2.55)

<0.001

0.0023

%WL (%)

–

–

–

–

10.5 (2.82)

3.15 (2.51)

<0.001

<0.001

17.7 (2.96)

5.49 (3.27)

<0.001

<0.001

23.4 (4.62)

5.18 (4.28)

<0.001

<0.001

25.5 (8.56)

4.88 (5.53)

<0.001

0.0018

Waist circumference (cm)

113 (4.01)

108 (5.47)

0.055

0.220

104 (4.74)

104 (4.48)

0.845

0.890

97.9 (5.59)

103 (4.29)

0.043

0.160

93.1 (4.21)

101 (4.93)

0.003

0.0098

88.2 (5.99)

101 (5.64)

<0.001

0.0023

Visceral fat area (cm²)

157 (15.3)

126 (16.7)

0.001

0.0087

139 (17.2)

119 (16.5)

0.022

0.160

116 (19.9)

115 (17.2)

0.897

0.930

91.4 (26.0)

117 (19.8)

0.037

0.061

84.0 (24.0)

117 (18.8)

0.007

0.0190

Body fat mass (Kg)

39.9 (4.60)

30.2 (3.89)

<0.001

0.0064

33.6 (5.96)

28.1 (4.19)

0.049

0.190

26.4 (5.84)

26.9 (4.06)

0.838

0.930

19.9 (6.31)

28.2 (4.02)

0.007

0.020

17.9 (5.71)

27.4 (4.71)

0.002

0.0086

Fat-free mass (Kg)

52.5 (9.69)

53.7 (9.48)

0.802

0.860

49.0 (8.80)

53.1 (9.32)

0.356

0.600

49.7 (9.10)

52.4 (8.47)

0.529

0.630

51.1 (10.5)

52.2 (8.80)

0.821

0.920

51.2 (9.60)

112 (193)

0.343

0.380

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

175 (27.9)

164 (43.6)

0.528

0.750

154 (50.4)

144 (41.0)

0.662

0.860

128 (21.1)

144 (33.6)

0.244

0.460

117 (16.5)

159 (22.6)

<0.001

0.0024

124 (20.6)

170 (38.7)

0.007

0.019

HbA1c (%)

8.69 (1.03)

8.19 (0.56)

0.246

0.490

7.57 (0.78)

7.45 (0.66)

0.722

0.860

6.74 (0.71)

7.05 (1.14)

0.487

0.620

6.24 (0.66)

7.27 (1.14)

0.030

0.056

6.17 (0.68)

7.74 (0.69)

<0.001

0.0021

Insulin (uU/mL)

13.7 (9.45)

16.3 (11.0)

0.602

0.800

6.59 (2.28)

18.5 (14.0)

0.026

0.160

6.03 (1.58)

17.2 (12.4)

0.019

0.091

5.67 (3.28)

18.7 (10.4)

0.003

0.010

4.72 (2.09)

18.9 (16.5)

0.024

0.048

C-peptide (ng/mL)

2.54 (1.27)

3.43 (1.80)

0.239

0.490

2.34 (0.66)

3.71 (1.98)

0.064

0.20

2.04 (0.45)

2.96 (1.38)

0.072

0.230

1.82 (0.55)

3.08 (1.20)

0.011

0.024

1.70 (0.59)

3.19 (1.60)

0.019

0.042

HOMA-IR

5.99 (4.38)

6.58 (4.27)

0.780

0.860

2.54 (1.12)

6.52 (5.01)

0.035

0.170

1.90 (0.53)

6.11 (4.31)

0.013

0.082

1.59 (0.81)

7.20 (3.66)

0.001

0.0039

1.43 (0.66)

8.60 (8.60)

0.027

0.050

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

170 (36.0)

165 (56.1)

0.821

0.860

160 (33.5)

153 (42.1)

0.712

0.860

167 (31.1)

146 (53.9)

0.309

0.530

162 (28.2)

160 (41.5)

0.874

0.920

173 (26.3)

155 (41.4)

0.286

0.370

Triglycerides(mg/dL)

124 (47.7)

186 (175)

0.308

0.560

114 (49.0)

182 (151)

0.210

0.570

108 (32.4)

176 (116)

0.106

0.230

91.9 (30.6)

144 (62.6)

0.038

0.061

100 (42.2)

169 (124)

0.131

0.190

HDL-c (mg/dL)

52.0 (15.9)

39.7 (11.8)

0.093

0.270

47.4 (10.9)

40.5 (14.9)

0.275

0.570

51.0 (12.2)

40.0 (13.2)

0.086

0.230

54.4 (7.89)

40.7 (12.0)

0.011

0.024

62.9 (9.64)

41.5 (15.5)

0.003

0.0088

LDL-c(mg/dL)

93.4 (23.1)

97.9 (48.7)

0.799

0.860

90.9 (27.1)

87.1 (33.6)

0.795

0.890

94.5 (25.0)

70.6 (34.3)

0.107

0.230

89.6 (20.8)

90.4 (32.7)

0.952

0.950

89.8 (19.8)

79.9 (32.6)

0.441

0.440

Systolic BP (mmHg)

132 (11.6)

132 (10.5)

1.000

1.000

117 (9.11)

121 (8.71)

0.300

0.570

121 (10.3)

117 (14.7)

0.453

0.610

119 (10.1)

124 (8.29)

0.256

0.350

120 (10.4)

124 (8.56)

0.311

0.370

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

70.6 (4.84)

66.8 (11.8)

0.370

0.620

62.8 (4.17)

66.7 (12.7)

0.376

0.60

65.6 (5.90)

65.9 (7.46)

0.932

0.930

65.6 (4.37)

68.2 (8.69)

0.428

0.540

63.2 (5.97)

67.0 (8.65)

0.294

0.370

hsCRP (mg/dL)

6.89 (2.95)

2.61 (1.50)

0.004

0.027

6.25 (10.8)

1.36 (0.89)

0.242

0.570

1.94 (1.35)

1.43 (1.21)

0.421

0.610

1.12 (0.82)

1.30 (0.93)

0.677

0.800

0.82 (0.61)

1.39 (0.84)

0.118

0.180

  1. BMI body mass index, %WL percentage of weight lost, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, BP blood pressure, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, n.a. not applicable
  2. Bold values are statistically significant. Values between parentheses are standard deviation of the respective mean value
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