Fig. 4

Abundance profiles of 29 bacterial genus with significant changes throughout the follow-up time points and arms. a Heatmap of relative abundances of these 29 genus features in patients of the medical arm. b Significant associations these 29 genus features between baseline and different study points in medical arm (DownM0 = Significant increases in genus abundance at different study points in comparison with baseline; UpM0 = Significant decreases in genus abundance at different study points in comparison with baseline; P value < 0.05, Paried Wicoxon rank-sum test). c and d panels are equivalent to panels a and b for patients of the surgery arm