Burden of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis among children with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Cost and healthcare utilization for childhood T2DM (Commercial and Medicaid) with and without NASH during follow-up period (after matching)

Measures	NASH + T2DM	T2DM only	Adjusted difference/Incidence rate ratio (IRR), (95% CI)^a	P-Value^a
Sample size, N	49	49
Follow-up time, months, median (IQR)	19 (15)	21 (16)
All-cause paid cost, PPPM, mean (SD)	$2,211 ($472)	$663 ($142)	$1,549 ($561, $3,335)	< .0001
All-cause paid cost, PPPM, median (IQR)	$576 ($1079)	$117 ($346)
All-cause hospitalization, per 1,000 member-month, IR (95% CI)	39.4 (28.3, 54.9)	16.5 (10.1, 26.9)	2.4 (1.3, 4.3)	0.0038

Propensity score was calculated based on 1-year baseline values for age, Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index (DCI), adapted diabetes complications score, outpatient visits, office visits, ER visits, number of prescription classes dispensed, total medical cost, outpatient cost, inpatient cost, ER cost, gender, age group, DCI group, residence region, heart failure, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypothyroidism, sleep apnea, hypopituitarism, and hypogonadism
PPPM per patient per month which is a measure of actual paid cost that accounts for varying follow-up time for each child, IR incident ratio, IRR incident rate ratio, SD standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, CI confidence interval, NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus
^aBolded values are statistically significant at p < .05

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