Table 2 Change in the variables 3 months after surgery

BMI (kg/m²)

45.8 ± 6.3

37.9 ± 7.6

− 17.4 [(− 19.5) to (− 15.3)]

Glucose (mg/dl)

116.7 ± 36.6

100 ± 15.8

− 5.0 [(− 20.7) to (10.6)]

Insulin (mIU/l)

16.5 (12.3–13.2)

9.75 (7.1–13.2)

− 27.3 [(− 50.6) to (− 4.0)]

HOMA2-IR

2.5 (2.5–3.8)

1.5 (1.2–2.2)

− 23.4 [(− 49.6) to (− 2.8)]

NEFA (mmol/l)

0.78 ± 0.34

0.74 ± 0.32

29.0 [(− 13.8) to (71.6)]

ADIPO-IR

81.2 (48.0–137.0)

57.5 (25.5–94.1)

− 16.0 [(− 58.4) to (26.3)]

Hb1Ac

7.1 ± 1.8

5.9 ± 0.94

− 15.1 [(− 19.8) to (− 10.4)]

Apo A-I (mg/dl)

107.1 ± 22.3

129.8 ± 20.2

25.7 [(16.0) to (34.0)]

Male

114.8 ± 25.3

128.7 ± 17.9

13.8 [(2.4) to (25.3)]

Female

105.2 ± 21.6

130.1 ± 21.0

27.7 [(16.8) to (38.5)]

Apo B (mg/dl)

81.6 ± 19.4

101.7 ± 18.2

26.0 [(16.3) to (35.1)]

TC (mg/dl)

176.3 ± 54.7

166 ± 29.8

− 2.2 [(− 8.3) to (4.0)]

HDL-C (mg/dl)

42.4 ± 9.9

39.2 ± 6.1

− 3.8 [(− 10.6) to (3.1)]

Male

40.5 ± 7.4

37.5 ± 7.0

− 4.7 [(− 20.8) to (11.3)]

Female

43.0 ± 10.7

39.7 ± 5.8

− 3.4 [(− 11.5) to (4.6)]

LDL-C (mg/dl)

102.9 ± 27

105.1 ± 21.3

10.2 [(− 5.6) to (26.0)]

TG (mg/dl)

141.4 ± 41.2

118.5 ± 43.4

− 12.5 [(− 23.1) to (− 1.2)]

VLDL-C (mg/dl)

25.5 ± 10

22.4 ± 9.1

0.5 [(− 18.0) to (19.0)]

CEC

0.91 ± 0.13

1.02 ± 0.16

11.5 [(6.1) to (17.0)]

Adiponectin (µg/ml)

5.6 ± 2.2

6.8 ± 2.5

32.2 [(15.0) to (49.4)]

Log resistin

2.3 ± 0.72

2.0 ± 0.80

− 6.0 [(− 18.0) to (5.9)]

Log MCP-1

1.8 ± 0.43

1.7 ± 0.50

− 2.4 [(− 12.9) to (8.0)]

IL-10 (pg/ml)

0.25 (0.05–0.7)

0.39 (0.14–0.56)

47.8 [(68.0) to (879.2.0)]

TNF-alpha (pg/ml)

2.3 ± 1.8

2.4 ± 1.3

30.0 [(0.0) to (60.3)]