From: Diabetes related distress is high in inpatients with diabetes
Parameters | Participants | Non-responders (n = 75) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 216) | DM1 (n = 107) | DM2 (n = 109) | ||
Women, n (%) | 105 (48.8) | 62 (57.9) | 43 (39.4) | 26 (34.7)* |
Age (years) | 54.0 ± 17.0 | 45.9 ± 16.1 | 62.0 ± 13.7 | 65.6 ± 15.5* |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 17.5 ± 11.0 | 18.7 ± 10.3 | 16.2 ± 11.5 | 19.8 ± 13.4 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 7.3 | 26.6 ± 5.0 | 33.0 ± 7.7 | 30.3 ± 8.7 |
HbA1c | ||||
% mmol/mol | 8.7 ± 1.9 71.4 ± 20.3 | 8.4 ± 1.6 67.8 ± 17.9 | 8.9 ± 1.9 74.3 ± 20.8 | 9.1 ± 2.7 76.0 ± 24.8 |
HbA1c, DCCT adjusted | ||||
% mmol/mol | 7.9 ± 1.7 63.1 ± 18.5 | 7.6 ± 1.5 59.6 ± 16.3 | 8.2 ± 1.8 66.6 ± 19.8 | 8.2 ± 2.1 67.0 ± 22.6 |
Diabetes therapy, n (%) | ||||
Diet OAD/GLP1 agonists Insulin | 7 (3.2) 7 (3.2) 202 (93.6) | 0 (0) 0 (0) 107 (100) | 7 (6.4) 7 (6.4) 95 (87.2) | 2 (2.7) 9 (12.0) 64 (85.3) |
Insulin therapy, n (%) | ||||
No insulin Basal insulin Premixed insulin Short acting insulin (+ basal insulin) Insulin pump | 14 (6.5) 7 (3.2) 9 (4.2) 150 (69.4) 36 (16.7) | 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (1.9) 70 (65.4) 35 (32.7) | 14 (12.8) 7 (6.4) 7 (6.4) 80 (73.5) 1 (0.9) | 11 (14.7)* 3 (4.0)* 4 (5.3)* 53 (70.7)* 4 (5.3)* |
Insulin dosage | ||||
Total (IU/day) Basal (IU/day) | 62.0 ± 46.3 24.8 ± 22.0 | 47.0 ± 26.2 22.5 ± 14.0 | 78.9 ± 57.1 27.4 ± 28.3 | 75.3 ± 68.3 25.1 ± 24.8 |
Number of insulin injections per day | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 1.2 |
Number of self-monitoring of glucose tests per day (blood, CGM, FGM) | 3.7 ± 3.0 | 4.5 ± 3.8 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.7* |
Frequency of non-severe hypoglycaemia per week | 1.6 ± 2.9 | 2.8 ± 3.7 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 1.4* |
Severe hypoglycaemia past 12 months | ||||
Frequency Number of events (people with an event) | 0.08 ± 0.4 18 (12) | 0.09 ± 0.4 10 (7) | 0.07 ± 0.4 8 (5) | 0.04 ± 0.2 0 (0) |
Ketoacidosis past 12 months | ||||
Frequency Number of events (people with an event) | 0.03 ± 0.2 7 (5) | 0.07 ± 0.3 7 (5) | 0 0 (0) | 0.03 ± 0.2 0 (0) |
Blood pressure | ||||
Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg) Pulse (bpm) | 136.3 ± 18.6 80.7 ± 12.8 76.5 ± 11.8 | 134.1 ± 15.9 82.7 ± 11.2 86.0 ± 9.4 | 138.4 ± 20.7 78.8 ± 14.0 77.0 ± 13.8 | 131.9 ± 17.7 75.8 ± 13.1* 74.6 ± 12.2 |
eGFR (ml/min) | 73.3 ± 28.2 | 85.0 ± 26.5 | 61.9 ± 25.0 | 59.3 ± 29.1* |
eGFR < 60 ml/min, n (%) | ||||
≥ 60 ml/min 30–59 ml/min < 30 ml/min | 143 (66.2) 62 (28.7) 11 (5.1) | 90 (84.1) 11 (10.3) 6 (5.6) | 53 (48.6) 51 (46.8) 5 (4.6) | 29 (38.7)* 34 (45.3)* 12 (16.0)* |
Albumin/g creatinine (mg/g) | 246.2 ± 906.8 | 117.1 ± 312.7 | 371.6 ± 1225.6 | 168.1 ± 389.0 |
Albumin/g creatinine, n (%) | ||||
< 30 30–300 mg/g 301–3000 mg/g > 3000 mg/g | 138 (63.9) 52 (24.1) 21 (9.7) 5 (2.3) | 73 (68.3) 24 (22.4) 10 (9.3) 0 (0) | 65 (59.6) 28 (25.7) 11 (10.1) 5 (4.6) | 27 (36.0) 35 (46.7) 7 (9.3) 0 (0) |
Polyneuropathy, n (%) | 93 (43.1) | 27 (25.2) | 66 (60.6) | 42 (56.0) |
Severe diabetes-related complications, n (%) | ||||
Amputation Dialysis Blindness | 3 (1.4) 1 (0.5) 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) 1 (0.9) 0 (0) | 2 (1.8) 0 (0) 0 (0) | 6 (8.0)* 3 (4.0) 0 (0) |