All (n = 137) | Exercise (n = 52) | Control (n = 62) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years)a | 64 [41, 81] | 65 [48, 81] | 65 [41, 77] |
Sex (male) n, (%) | 115 (83.9) | 45 (86.5) | 50 (80.6) |
BMIb (kg/m2) | 28.7 (25.6, 31.6) | 29.4 (25.6, 31.8) | 28.3 (25.4, 31.5) |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 9 (5, 15) | 11 (5, 15) | 9 (5, 13) |
Previous MIc, n (%) | 62 (45.3) | 20 (38.5) | 31 (50.0) |
Microvascular complicationsd | 26 (19) | 7 (13.5) | 10 (16.1) |
Advanced vascular diseasee, n (%) | 85 (62.0) | 28 (53.8) | 40 (64.4) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 100 (73.0) | 39 (75.0) | 46 (74.2) |
Current smokers, n (%) | 23 (16.8) | 9 (17.3) | 9 (14.5) |
HbA1c (%) | 7.4 (6.8, 8.3) | 7.4 (6.8, 8.4) | 7.3 (6.8, 7.9) |
Fasting blood glucose | 8.1 (6.9, 9.8) | 7.5 (6.7, 9.9) | 8.0 (6.8, 9.6) |
HOMA2-IRf | 1.3 (0.7, 2.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.2) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.9 (3.4, 4.5) | 3.8 (3.4, 4.3) | 4 (3.3, 4.7) |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) |
LDLg cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.6, 2.6) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.5) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.7) |
CRPh (mg/L) | 2.6 (1.2, 5.0) | 2.0 (0.9, 4.9) | 2.4 (1.2, 5.0) |
Medication | |||
RAAS inhibitors, n (%) | 97 (70.8) | 34 (65.4) | 46 (74.2) |
Statins, n (%) | 128 (93.4) | 49 (94.2) | 58 (93.5) |
Metformin, n (%) | 101 (73.7) | 40 (76.9) | 46 (74.2) |
Sulfonylureas, n (%) | 48 (35.0) | 23 (44.2) | 17 (27.4) |
Gliptin, n (%) | 17 (12.4) | 6 (11.5) | 11 (17.7) |
Insulin, n (%) | 26 (19.0) | 10 (19.2) | 12 (19.4) |
Antiplatelet medication, n (%) | 129 (94.2) | 47 (90.4) | 61 (98.4) |