Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics according to the presence or absence of MetS

Age (year)

50.2 ± 11.7

51.5 ± 10.7

48.5 ± 11.5

50.8 ± 10.8

53.3 ± 11.5

53.0 ± 10.6

Duration (year)

0.6 (0.1–6.9)

1.5 (0.1–8.2)

0.4 (0.1–6.2)

1.2 (0.1–7.6)

1.4 (0.1–8.4)

1.9 (0.2–9.9)

PWNC (cm²)

3862 ± 481**

3065 ± 405

3996 ± 445**

3221 ± 347

3603 ± 440**

2741 ± 314

BMI (kg/m²)

26.8 ± 3.5**

22.6 ± 2.5

27.0 ± 3.3**

22.8 ± 2.4

26.5 ± 3.7**

22.0 ± 2.5

WC (cm)

95.3 ± 6.9**

84.3 ± 6.5

96.2 ± 6.7**

85.5 ± 6.1

93.6 ± 7.0**

81.9 ± 6.4

NC (cm)

40.5 ± 2.9**

36.2 ± 3.0

41.5 ± 2.4**

37.6 ± 2.4

38.4 ± 2.6**

33.4 ± 2.1

WHR

0.97 ± 0.04**

0.92 ± 0.05

0.97 ± 0.03**

0.92 ± 0.05

0.96 ± 0.04**

0.91 ± 0.06

SBP (mmHg)

132 ± 17**

121 ± 14

132 ± 16*

121 ± 16

134 ± 18**

120 ± 12

DBP (mmHg)

79 ± 10**

73 ± 9

80 ± 10*

74 ± 9

77 ± 10*

71 ± 8

HbA1c (%)

8.3 (7.1–10.0)

8.1 (6.8–10.6)

8.4 (7.0–10.1)

8.3 (6.8–10.8)

8.1 (7.1–9.8)

8.0 (6.9–9.9)

FPG (mmol/L)

7.8 (6.5–9.6)**

7.0 (5.9–8.9)

7.8 (6.5–9.6)**

7.0 (5.9–8.7)

7.8 (6.5–9.5)*

7.1 (5.9–9.3)

2hPG (mmol/L)

13.9 (10.9–17.2)*

13.1 (10.1–17.5)

13.7 (10.7–17.0)

13.2 (10.2–17.5)

14.0 (11.2–17.1)*

12.9 (9.7–17.8)

FINS (pmol/L)

69 (50–93)**

32 (21–44)

69 (50–91)**

31 (21–44)

68 (48–95)**

32 (21–45)

HOMA-IR

4.09 (3.03–5.70)**

1.69 (1.18–2.25)

4.05 (3.05–5.62)**

1.76 (1.19–2.21)

4.18 (2.99–6.11)**

1.62 (1.13–2.33)

TC (mmol/L)

4.83 ± 1.30*

4.67 ± 1.10

4.80 ± 1.31**

4.56 ± 1.10

4.89 ± 1.28

4.90 ± 1.06

TG (mmol/L)

1.86 (1.31–2.64)**

1.13 (0.88–1.43)

1.92 (1.36–2.79)**

1.12 (0.85–1.42)

1.72 (1.23–2.41)**

1.15 (0.90–1.45)

HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.94 (0.82–1.11)**

1.13 (1.05–1.33)

0.90 (0.79–1.03)**

1.10 (0.99–1.25)

1.04 (0.90–1.22)**

1.24 (1.09–1.43)

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.87 ± 0.91

2.75 ± 0.92

2.85 ± 0.90

2.74 ± 0.94

2.91 ± 0.91

2.78 ± 0.88