Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its associated factors in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center in Brazil

Table 6 Multivariable logistic regression for evaluating associated factors for steatosis on hepatic image by either method (ultrasound and/or transient elastography)

Variable	B	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	p value
Model 1
Age, years	− 0.02	0.98	0.93–1.04	0.270
Female	0.04	1.04	0.36–2.96	0.943
HbA1c (%)	− 0.02	0.98	0.89–1.07	0.671
Metabolic syndrome	1.71	5.53	1.84–16.6	0.002
Model 2
Age (years)	− 0.03	0.97	0.92–1.03	0.338
Female	− 0.50	0.61	0.19–1.88	0.386
HbA1c (%)	− 0.03	0.97	0.82–1.16	0.773
WC (centimeters)	0.04	1.04	0.99–1.10	0.102
HDL (mg/dl)	− 0.01	0.82	0.97–1.02	0.818
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	0.01	1.01	1.00–1.02	0.015
Hypertension	0.55	1.72	0.44–6.75	0.434
Model 3
Age (years)	− 0.02	0.98	0.93–1.04	0.614
Female	− 0.43	0.65	0.20–2.16	0.485
HbA1c (%)	− 0.02	0.98	0.82–1.17	0.850
WC (centimeters)	− 0.02	1.01	0.92–1.10	0.883
HDL (mg/dl)	− 0.01	0.99	0.96–1.02	0.559
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	0.01	1.01	1.00–1.02	0.012
Hypertension	0.22	1.25	0.28–5.45	0.770
BMI (kg/m²)	0.19	1.21	0.94–1.57	0.134
GGT (mg/dl)	0.01	1.01	0.99–1.02	0.785

Steatosis on hepatic image was the dependent variable in all models. Independent variables were chosen based on statistical significance on exploratory analysis or biological plausibility. Model 1—Adjusted for age, gender, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and metabolic syndrome. Model 2—Adjusted for age, gender, HbA1c, waist circumference (WC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides and hypertension. Model 3—Adjusted for age, gender, HbA1c, components of metabolic syndrome (WC, HDL-c, triglycerides and hypertension) and components of fatty liver index [WC, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)]

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