Table 2 Participants characteristics according to hepatic ultrasound results
Altered US | Normal US | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographical and clinical characteristics | |||
N (%) | 12 (12.6) | 83 (87.4) | |
Age, years | 40 ± 13 | 37 ± 13 | 0.459 |
Female gender, n (%) | 9 (75.0) | 46 (55.4) | 0.199 |
Non-Caucasian, n (%) | 8 (66.7) | 40 (48.2) | 0.232 |
Years of school attendance | 11 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 0.383 |
Diabetes duration, years | 19 ± 9 | 21 ± 10 | 0.406 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7 ± 3.4 | 25.2 ± 4.1 | 0.209 |
WC, cm | 89.7 ± 10.0 | 85.6 ± 11.8 | 0.253 |
HC, cm | 100.0 ± 7.3 | 99.3 ± 7.7 | 0.759 |
WHR | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.08 | 0.135 |
SBP, mmHg | 128 ± 18 | 127 ± 16 | 0.767 |
DBP, mmHg | 76 ± 9 | 77 ± 11 | 0.668 |
Insulin dose, U/kg | 0.82 ± 0.30 | 0.76 ± 0.31 | 0.499 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 5 (41.7) | 38 (45.8) | 0.789 |
Anti-hypertensive use, n (%) | 4 (33.3) | 36 (43.4) | 0.510 |
Metformin use, n (%) | 2 (16.7) | 9 (11.0) | 0.567 |
Statin use, n (%) | 5 (41.7) | 40 (48.2) | 0.672 |
Acetylsalicylic acid use, n (%) | 2 (16.7) | 16 (19.3) | 0.829 |
Currently smoking, n (%) | 2 (16.7) | 4 (4.8) | 0.165 |
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 10 (83.3) | 33 (39.8) | 0.005 |
FLI | 38 [43] | 13 [35] | 0.028 |
Laboratory measurements | |||
HbA1c (%) mmol/mol | 8.6 [3.6] 70 [39] | 8.6 [2.3] 70 [24] | 0.757 |
FPG,mg/dl | 116 [160] | 160 [135] | 0.728 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 154.5 [53.3] | 167.0 [65.0] | 0.787 |
HDL-c, mg/dl | 38.1 [21.5] | 50.0 [30.0] | 0.034 |
LDL-c, mg/dl | 83.6 [58.5] | 94.8 [41.2] | 0.375 |
Triglycerides, mg/dl | 139.0 [190.8] | 73.0 [60.8] | 0.028 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 107 [43] | 99 [30] | 0.728 |
Albumin, mg/dl | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | 0.075 |
ALT, U/l | 11.5 [15.3] | 9.0 [7.0] | 0.719 |
AST, U/l | 15.5 [14.3] | 13.0 [8.0] | 0.507 |
GGT, mg/dl | 18.5 [14.3] | 19.0 [16.0] | 0.848 |
CPK, mg/dl | 100.5 [125.3] | 81.0 [86.0] | 0.670 |
CRP, mg/dl | 0.4 [0.6] | 0.2 [0.4] | 0.334 |
Uric acid, mg/dl | 3.6 [0.9] | 3.6 [2.0] | 0.848 |